1)

(a)When Rebbi Elazar decided to go to the Beis-ha'Medrash to see what he could pick up there, Rebbi Ami and Rebbi Asi - were putting up his Chupah.

(b)He found a Beraisa expert discussing - what one should do should one forget in the middle of the Sh'ma where one is up to.

(c)The Tana rules that someone who ...

1. ... cannot remember where he is holding - must start from 'Sh'ma'.

2. ... knows he is in the middle of a specific Parshah, but cannot remember whereabouts - he must go to the beginning of that Parshah.

3. ... knows that he holds bein ha'Perakim, but does not know which bein ha'Perakim - he goes to the first break ('Vehayah Im Shamo'a').

4. ... cannot remember whether he is up to the first "u'Chesavtam" or the second one - he must go back to the first one.

2)

(a)Rebbi Yochanan commented on the last ruling - that it only applied to where one has not continued "Lema'an Yirbu Yemeichem", because if he has, then he simply continues from there ...

(b)... because, since he always recites "Lema'an Yirbu Yemeichem" at the end of the second paragraph, it is obvious that that is where he is up to.

(c)When Rebbi Elazar came and told Rebbi Ami and Rebbi Asi what he had heard - they exclaimed that had they only come to hear that, it would have been worthwhile!

3)

(a)The Mishnah discusses laborers who are working on top of a tree or a Nidbach - (a building made of bricks) when the time arrives to recite the Sh'ma.

(b)The Mishnah -permits them to go ahead and recite it where they are.

(c)For the Amidah however - they are obligated to descend first ...

(d)... because the Amidah is synonymous with Rachamim (praying for mercy), which requires Kavanah throughout, whereas it is only the first Pasuk of the Sh'ma which does.

4)

(a)If a Chasan is Patur from the Sh'ma on the night of his marriage, and he remain Patur until Motza'ei Shabbos - if he has not yet consummated it.

(b)On the night of his marriage, Raban Gamliel - recited the Sh'ma.

(c)When his Talmidim reminded him that he had taught them that a Chasan is Patur - he retorted that he would not listen to them as long as they tried to negate Kabalas Ol Malchus Shamayim from them even for a brief moment.

5)

(a)The Beraisa reiterates the Din of the Mishnah regarding laborers reciting the Sh'ma or the Amidah whilst working on a tree or on a building. The Tana permits - even Davening the Amidah on an olive and a fig tree (although it is forbidden on any other tree) ...

(b)... because they possess many branches, and one is able to stand there without fear of falling.

(c)He requires the employer - to descend for the Amidah however ...

(d)... since one is able to concentrate better on the ground than on the tree.

6)

(a)Rav Mari the son of Shmuel's daughter - Rachel, queries our Mishnah.

(b)He is not called after his father (Isar Giyora) - because Rachel (who was a captive at the time) became pregnant with him after Isar Giyora raped her (even though by the time Rav Mari was born he had already converted).

(c)Rav Mari extrapolates from the Mishnah, which permits laborers to recite the Sh'ma on top of a tree or a building even whilst they are working - that Keri'as Sh'ma does not require Kavanah.

7)

(a)The problem Rav Mari has with that, based on a Beraisa is - that the Tana there specifically states that Keri'as Sh'ma does require Kavanah.

(b)The Tana actually learns this from a Gezeirah-Shavah ("Sh'ma Yisrael" "Sh'ma Yisrael") from the Pasuk in Ki Savo -"Haskeis u'Sh'ma Yisrael".

(c)Rava's response to Rav Mari's Kashya was -silence (because he had no answer to give.)

(d)Rav Mari himself ...

1. ... quoting Rav Sheishes answered - that the Mishnah permits reciting the Sh'ma even on a tree or on a building provided one first stops working.

2. ... answered, when they cited a Beraisa, where Beis-Hillel permits the workers to recite the Sh'ma even whilst they are working - that they said that in connection with the second Parshah, but not with the first (See Tosfos DH 'Ha be'Perek Rishon').

8)

(a)The Beraisa - permits employees during work-hours, to recite ...

1. ... the B'rachos of the Sh'ma, both before and after it.

2. ... the B'rachos both before and after eating.

3. ... the complete Amidah.

(b)Besides Duchening if they are Kohanim, , they are not permitted - to Daven before the Amud (as Chazen) ...

(c)... because that is considered wasting the employer's time.

(d)We query this Beraisa from another Beraisa, which obligates employees to recite an abridged version of the Amidah - i.e. the middle B'rachah, which begins (and is called) 'Havineinu'.

9)

(a)Rav Sheishes answers that this is in fact, a Machlokes between Raban Gamliel and Rebbi Yehoshua - who permits one to Daven 'Havineinu' instead of the middle B'rachos.

(b)The problem with this answer is - why the Tana confines this concession to employees.

(c)So we establish both Beraisos like Raban Gamliel, who ...

1. ... obligates him to recite the full Amidah - if he works only for his meals, but ...

2. ... permits a worker to recite 'Havineinu' - if he also receives a wage.

10)

(a)In support of this answer, we cite a Beraisa. The Tana there concludes that workers who work merely for their meals (or who are joined during meals by their bosses - must recite the full Birchas ha'Mazon.

(b)In the Reisha (which speaks where they paid full wages), the Tana requires them to recite a B'rachah before eating (See Hagahos ha'Bach) - and two B'rachos after eating.

(c)The first Brachah consists of Birchas ha'Zan (as we say it), the second B'rachah comprises - a combination of Birchas ha'Aretz and 'Boneh Yerushalayim'.

11)

(a)If, from "be'Shivt'cha be'Veisecha", the Beraisa learns that somebody who is performing a Mitzvah is Patur from reciting the Sh'ma, the Tana learns from "u've'Lecht'cha ba'Derech" - that a Chasan (who is only involved with thoughts of performing a Mitzvah) is Patur, too.

(b)He learn from there - that someone who marries a Besulah, is Patur from reciting the Sh'ma on the first night ...

(c)... but someone who marries an Almanah - is not.

12)

(a)We query Rav Papa, who attributes the former ruling to the Torah's use of the word "Derech" - inasmuch as "Derech" implies a journey of a Mitzvah no less than it does one of a Mitzvah.

(b)He therefore amends his explanation - by attributing it to the entire word of "be'Shivt'cha" (and of "be'Lecht'cha" [See Gemara 11a]) - which implies a personal journey and not one of a Mitzvah.

(c)Regarding the latter ruling, we initially differentiate between somebody who marries a Besulah and somebody who marries an Almanah - in that, whereas the former is worried (that she may turn out not to be an Almanah), the latter is not.

(d)The problem with presenting the criterion as worry is - that in that case, somebody who receives news that his shipis sinking in the sea ought to be Patur, too.

13)

(a)The current problem is based on a statement of Rebbi Aba bar Zavda Amar Rav, who rules that an Aveil - is Chayav to keep all Mitzvos (despite the fact that he too is worried) ...

(b)... with the sole exception of Tefilin, from which he is exempt ...

(c)... based on the Pasuk in Yechezkel "Pe'ercha Chavush alecha" (See Daf 11a, 3c).

(d)To answer the Kashya, we finally draw a distinction between marrying a Besulah on the one hand - where one is worried about a Mitzvah, and an Aveil and someone whose ship is sinking in the sea on the other (where the worry is purely personal).

14)

(a)Raban Gamliel ...

1. ... the night after his wife's death - took a bath.

2. ... when Tavi his slave died - accepted Tanchumin (comfort).

(b)When his Talmidim reminded him ...

1. ... that he had taught them that an Aveil may not take, he retorted - that he was allowed to do so, since he was an Ist'nis (finicky) and that the Chachamim did not forbid it in such a case.

2. ... that he had taught them that one does accept comfort for a slave that righteous.

(c)When the Tana Kama declared that a Chasan is permitted to recite the Sh'ma on the first night of his wedding, Raban Shimon ben Gamliel commented - that not every Tom, Dick and Harry may wear the mantle of greatness.

15)

(a)Raban Gamliel in our Mishnah allowed himself to 'transgress' the prohibition of Aninus with regard to washing - based on the fact that Aninus of the first night following the burial is only mi'de'Rabbanan.

(b)Besides prohibiting making a Shurah (two rows that one makes for an Aveil), he also negated (following the burial of an Eved) - Birchas Aveilkim (the B'rachah that one used to recite in the street immediately after the burial) and Tanchumei Aveilim.

(c)When Rebbi Eliezer's Talmidim came to comfort him after his Shifchah died - he climbed up to the attic.

(d)He then entered an Anpilun - an ante-chamber leading to the main room.

16)

(a)Finally, Rebbi Eliezer went into the main room. When he commented that...

1. ... he thought at first that they would be scalded with warm water, he meant - that they would take his initial (small) hint.

2. ... he now saw that even boiling water did not scald them - that they could not even take a big one.

(b)After repeating the previous Beraisa, to what did he compared the 'comfort' of a deceased Eved or Shifchah - to that which one says to the owner whose ox or donkey dies.

(c)And one says - 'May Hash-m (ha'Makom) replace your loss!'

17)

(a)In another Beraisa, the Tana Kama corroborates Rebbi Eliezer's opinion. According to Rebbi Yossi, if he was faithful, one mentions that he was a good man, a faithful slave - and one who benefited from the toil of his hands.

(b)The Tana Kama objected - because he argued - what has one then left for a righteous man who is not an Eved?

18)

(a)The Beraisa says - that there are three Avos and four Imahos (and no more).

(b)We reject the suggestion that we stop there because we do not know from which tribe we descend - since we do not know whether we descend from Rachel or Le'ah, yet they are included in the list of Imahos.

(c)And the reason that we stop there - is because only they are sufficiently Chashuv to be called Avos and Imahos.

(d)Yet another Beraisa forbids giving Avadim and Sh'fachos a title (such as 'Aba [Mr.] P'loni' or 'Ima [Mrs.] P'lonis') ...

(e)And the reason that they did that with regard to Raban Gamliel's Avadim was - because his Avadim were Chashuv.

19)

(a)Rebbi Elazar interprets the first half of the Pasuk in Tehilim "Kein Avarech'cha be'Chayai, be'Shimcha Esa Kapi", with regard to K'ri'as Sh'ma, and the second half -with regard to Tefilah.

(b)And he subsequently learns from the following Pasuk "ve'Sifsei Renanos Yehalel Pi" - that someone who recites them both will inherit both this world and the World to Come ...

(c)... which he extrapolates from the plural form of the word "Renanos".

20)

(a)Rebbi Elazar, Rebbi Yochanan, Rebbi Zeira, Rebbi Chiya, Rav, Rebbi and Rav Safra (all listed on this Amud), after completing the Amidah each day - used to add a short Tefilah of their own.

(b)The two best-known of these Tefilos are those of Rav (the 'Y'hi Ratzon' that precedes Rosh Chodesh Benching, and that of Rebbi, which we still say every day after Birchos ha'Shachar; namely, that of - 'Y'hi Ratzon mi'Lefancha ... she'Tatzileini me'Azei Panim u'me'Azus Panim,me'Adam Ra ... '.

(c)When, regarding the latter, we conclude 've'Af-al-Gav de'Kaymi Ketzutzei aleih de'Rebbi', we mean he would say this Tefilah - even though he was surrounded by guards, appointed by Antonimus to protect him against any would-be attacker.

(d)Rav Safra prayed that Hash-m should make peace among the Angels of the nations and among the nations themselves, and - that those who study Torah she'Lo li'Shemah should study it li'Shemah.