1)

(a)We already discussed the Seifa of our Mishnah 'ha'Metaher Yeino shel Akum ve'Nosno bi'Reshuso', there where the Nochri writes the Yisrael a receipt in advance of the payment. The Reisha of the Mishnah permits the wine, even where he did not do so - provided his house is open to the R'shus ha'Rabim, and Jews and not just Nochrim, live in the town.

(b)The Tana also permits the wine if a Yisrael guards the wine-press - which means that he comes and goes unexpectedly (but not necessarily that he sits and watches the wine-press incessantly).

(c)The problem with our Mishnah, which requires Yisre'elim to specifically live in the town is - why it will not suffice for them to come in to town as peddlers.

(d)So Shmuel establishes our Mishnah where the town-gates are kept locked - and the town's residents generally know who is granted entry rights. Consequently, whenever there are no Jews in town, the Nochri will not be afraid to be Menasech the wine.

2)

(a)When Rav Yosef compares a window that opens to a Reshus-ha'Rabim, he might mean that the Nochri's house opens out to the Chatzer and there is a corresponding window in the wall between the street and the Chatzer or he might mean that - a Yisrael lives in the vicinity, whose window opens out to the Chatzer of the Nochri.

(b)Beside a trash-heap, Rav Yosef also compares - a date-palm to a R'shus ha'Rabim in this regard (since the Nochri will be afraid to be Menasech the wine, in case the Yisrael is climbing his tree at that moment to pick dates and spots him).

(c)Rav Acha and Ravina argue over a date-palm which has had its top cut off, and there is no fruit to pick, and the reason of the one who nevertheless permits the wine in the wine-press is - because the Nochri is still afraid that the Yisrael might spot him being Menasech the wine, as he climbs the tree to look for an animal that went astray.

3)

(a)In a case where someone purchases or rents a house in a Chatzer belonging to a Nochri, and he fills it with barrels of wine, the Beraisa draws a distinction between whether a Yisrael lives in the same Chatzer - in which case the wine is permitted, even if he does not possess the key and the seal to the wine-press, or in a neighboring one - in which case it is only permitted if he does.

(b)The Beraisa adds that a Yisrael who is Metaher the wine of a Nochri in the Nochri's domain, and a Yisrael lives in the same Chatzer as the Nochri - the wine is permitted only if he possesses the key and the seal to the wine-press.

(c)The Tana is more stringent in this case than in the Reisha - because, seeing as the wine is his own, the Nochri is less afraid to touch it.

(d)Rebbi Yochanan nevertheless suggested to the Beraisa-expert to change this latter statement to read - 'Af-al-Pi she'Ein Mafte'ach ve'Chosem be'Yado, Mutar (like in the Reisha).

4)

(a)In the previous case, but where a Yisrael lives in a neighboring Chatzer, the Beraisa rules - that the wine is forbidden, even if the Yisrael possesses the key and the seal.

(b)The author of the Beraisa until now is Rebbi Meir. The Chachamim, who require a Shomer, cannot be referring to ...

1. ... this last case - since Rebbi Meir requires a Shomer, too.

2. ... to the Reisha de'Seifa (where the Yisrael lives in the same Chatzer) - since Rebbi Yochanan changed Rebbi Meir's ruling to a more lenient one, something that he would not have done, had the Chachamim been more stringent than Rebbi Meir.

(c)In fact, the Chachamim refer to - the Seifa de'Reisha, where the wine belongs to the Yisrael, but the Yisrael lives in a neighboring Chatzer (which they now equate with the ruling of the Seifa de'Seifa, where the wine belongs to the Nochri).

5)

(a)The Beraisa equates the Din of a Shomer with a 'Memuneh ha'Ba le'Kitzin' - an appointee who comes at fixed times to check .

(b)This cannot be correct however - because if the appointee comes at fixed times, which the Nochri knows in advance, why is the wine permitted?

(c)So we amend it to read - ad she'Yavo Memuneh she'Eino Ba le'Kitzin.

6)

(a)We learned in the Reisha of our Mishnah, ('ha'Metaher Yeino shel Akum ... be'Ir she'Kulah Ovdei-Kochavim'), that the Tana Kama forbids the Yisrael to leave his wine in the R'shus of the Nochri. Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar says - 'R'shus Ovdei-Kochavim Achas hi'.

(b)We ask whether he comes to be more lenient than the Tana Kama or more stringent. If he comes to be more ...

1. ... lenient - then his statement is a rhetorical question, which means 'Do you really think that all Nochrim are one collective domain?', and the wine is permitted.

2. ... stringent - then his words are a statement, and what he means is that they are indeed all considered one domain, and the wine is forbidden.

7)

(a)According to ...

1. ... Rav Yehudah Amar Ze'iri, who says that Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar comes to be more lenient - the Rabbanan forbid the wine, irrespective of whether it is lying in the domain of the seller, or in the domain of another Nochri.

2. ... Rav Nachman Amar Ze'iri, who says that he comes to be more stringent - the Rabbanan permit the wine if it is left in the house of a Nochri who is not the owner.

(b)The reason of the Rabbanan, according to Rav Yehudah Amar Ze'iri (despite the fact that the Nisuch will take place in a third party's house), is because of the 'S'vara' of 'Gomlin' (today Jack will allow John to creep into his house and be Menasech the wine, so that tomorrow, when he [Jack] sells the Yisrael wine, he will receive the same favor from John).

(c)The opinion of Rav Nachman Amar Ze'iri (who maintains that Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar is more stringent) has the support of a Beraisa, which specifically quotes Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar as being more stringent in that he considers the domain of all Nochrim as one, because of the swindlers (who practice 'Gomlin').

8)

(a)Parzak Rufila was - a man named Parzak, who was the viceroy) of Persia.

(b)The reason of ...

1. ... the Rabbanan, who thought that, when Parzak Rufila's family deposited wine that Jews had purchased on credit, with their Arisim, the wine was permitted, even according to Rav Nachman, who holds 'Gomlin' was that - seeing as it is not the way of Arisim to deposit wine with their landowners, 'Gomlin' did not apply, and there was therefore no reason to forbid it.

2. ... Rava, who disillusioned them and forbade the wine even according to those who do not hold of 'Gomlin' was - based on the assumption that the Arisim would be afraid of the property owners, and would therefore cover up for them, in the event that they sneaked in and were Menasech the wine (with or without 'Gomlin').

(c)With regard to a Nochri who was found among barrels of wine belonging to Jews (see Tosfos DH 'ha'Hu'), Rava ruled that - if he was an ordinary resident, who was afraid of the judges of the town, then the wine was permitted; but if he was an important person, then it was forbidden.

(d)When Rava said ...

1. ... 'Chamra Shari', he meant - even to drink.

2. ... 'Chamra Asur', he meant - even be'Hana'ah.