1)

(a)We just cited the ruling of Rebbi Yochanan Mishum Rebbi Shimon ben Yehotzadak, that public expanses of water cannot become Asur. The problem with the implication that water belonging to a private person can is that - water is considered 'Mechubar le'Karka', and we have learned that 'Mechubar le'Karka' cannot become Asur ("Eloheihem al he'Harim ... ").

(b)We resolve the problem - by suggesting that a wave momentarily detached itself from the stream, and that is what the Nochri worshipped.

(c)We now try to resolve from here the unresolved She'eilah from the previous Perek, which of the two disputants (B'nei Rebbi Chiya or Rebbi Yochanan) holds that stones that break away from a mountain that a Nochri worshipped are forbidden ...

(d)... since it now seems that Rebbi Yochanan is the one who forbids it.

(e)Bearing in mind that their Machlokes involved stones that came loose by themselves, we refute this proof - by changing the case to where the Nochri detached the water with his hand (in which case they both agree that the mountain is forbidden.

2)

(a)When Rebbi Chiya bar Aba (Rebbi Yochanan's Talmid) arrived in Gavla, he said nothing when he saw ...

1. ... Jewish women who were pregnant from potential Geirim who had performed Milah but not Tevilah.

2. ... Yisre'elim drinking wine which Nochrim had diluted.

(b)He also said nothing when he saw Yisre'elim eating Turmus beans - (that need to be cooked seven times before they become sweet and fit to eat) that had been cooked by Nochrim.

(c)Rebbi Yochanan instructed Rebbi Chiya bar Aba to go and tell the residents of Gavla - that their children were Mamzerim, their wine was Yayin Nesech and their Turmus beans were forbidden because of Bishul Akum.

(d)We already cited Rebbi Yochanan's reason for his second ruling ('Lech Lech Amrin li'Nezira ... '). The bases of his first ruling are - a. that a Nochri only becomes a Ger after Milah and Tevilah, and b. that a child born to a bas-Yisrael from an Eved or a Nochri is a Mamzer.

(e)This is the opinion of Rabah bar bar Chanah Amar Rebbi Yochanan however. According to the Halachah, only a child who is born from a relationship involving incest (which carries with it a Chiyuv Kareis) is a Mamzer.

3)

(a)Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak Amar Rav ruled in the second Perek that any food that can be eaten raw - is not subject to Bishul Akum.

(b)In spite of the fact that Turmus beans cannot be eaten raw, Rebbi Yochanan needed to come on to the reason of 'Einan B'nei Torah' to forbid the Turmus beans in Gavla - because according to him, what Rav Yitzchak Amar Rav said was that any food that is not served at the king's table is not subject to Bishul Akum (and Turmus beans belong to that category).

4)

(a)When they asked Rav Kahana whether a Nochri is permitted to carry grapes to the wine-press - he replied in the negative, based on the principle of 'Lech Lech Amrin li'Nezira ... '.

(b)The Beraisa rules that in a case where a Nochri carried baskets or small barrels, of grapes from which juice was oozing, to the wine-press - the grapes and the wine that is subsequently made are permitted.

(c)When Rav Yeimar queried Rav Kahana from this Beraisa - the latter pointed out that the Beraisa speaks in a case of 'Bedi'eved', whereas he was speaking 'Lechatchilah'.

5)

(a)When a certain Nochri saw an Esrog fall into a barrel of wine - he ran to the barrel and grabbed the Esrog, to prevent it from sinking to the bottom of the barrel.

(b)Rav Ashi instructed those who were present - a. to hold the Nochri's hand tight (so that he should not stir the water), and b. to tip the barrel, allowing the wine to pour into another vessel until the level of the wine dropped to below the Nochri's hand (because it would be nigh-on impossible to control his hand [even whilst holding it] as he withdrew it from the wine, to prevent it from stirring the wine).

6)

(a)Rav Ashi permitted someone - to sell the barrel of wine to the Nochri who was Menasech it (in spite of the fact that he would not have been permitted to sell it to any other Nochri) ...

(b)... because he was merely making him pay for the good wine that he rendered Nesech.

(c)Rav Ashi took his cue from a Beraisa, where The Tana Kama forbids benefiting from wine that a Nochri was Menasech not in the presence of the Avodah-Zarah; whereas Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava and Rebbi Yehudah ben Beseira permit it - a . because real Nisuch only applies in the presence of the Avodas-Kochavim, and b. because the Nochri has no right to render somebody else's wine Asur.

(d)Even though the Halachah is like the Tana Kama - Rav Ashi uses the S'vara of Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava and Rebbi Yehudah ben Beseira to permit selling the wine to the Nochri who made it Nesech in the current case.

7)

(a)In a case where the tap of a barrel of wine breaks off, and a Nochri places his hand over the hole to prevent the wine from flowing out, Rav Papa permits all the wine that is not actually next to the hole - because he does not consider the rest of the wine joined to the wine next to the tap (presumably because, if not for the Nochri's hand, the latter would have immediately flowed out of the tap, whereas the former would have [momentarily] remained inside the barrel).

(b)He only forbade drinking the wine, and not deriving benefit from it - because it speaks where the hole is too narrow for the Nochri to have stirred the wine in the barrel.

(c)In the second Lashon - he forbids all the wine that is above the hole, seeing as it would all have flowed through the hole had the Nochri not kept his hand there.

(d)Based on a Mishnah in T'vul-Yom that we are about to cite, the Halachah is not like Rav Papa - since it follows the opinion of Rebbi Yehudah there (which is an individual opinion), and not that of the Chachamim.