(Rav Yosef): Beer vinegar of Nochrim is forbidden, for they mix dregs of their wine with it;

(Rav Ashi): If one sees it taken straight from the (large storage) barrel, it is permitted. They would not mix in wine, for this makes it spoil quickly.

(Mishnah): Hadriyani earthenware...

Question: What is this?

Answer (Rav Yehudah): It is earthenware of Hadriyanus Keisar.

(Rav Dimi): They grow vines in virgin soil (that was never farmed), make wine from the grapes, soak earthenware in the wine, and it absorbs the wine. They break the Kelim and take the shards. When they want wine, they soak the shards in water, and wine exudes.

(R. Yehoshua ben Levi): The third time they soak them, the resulting wine is as good as our best quality wine!

Question: May one use these shards to support a bed?

May one use something that contains Isur Hana'ah (something one may not benefit from), if he does not benefit from the Isur?

Answer #1: R. Elazar and R. Yochanan argued about this. One permitted, and one forbade. (The Halachah follows the one who forbids - some delete this from the text.)

Question (against the one who permits - Beraisa #1): If wine of a Yisrael was put in small flasks and leather pouches of Nochrim, one may not drink the wine, but one may benefit from them;

Shimon ben Guda testified in front of Raban Gamliel's son that Raban Gamliel drank from it in Ako. They did not agree to this.

R. Shimon ben Gamliel says (in the name of) R. Yehoshua ben Kafosai that one may not make a saddle out of pouches of Nochrim.

The Beraisa forbids using the pouch, even in a way that he will not benefit from the wine!

(Counter-question: If so, also the flasks should be forbidden! - Tosfos deletes this from the text.)

Answer (Rava): It is a decree not to make a saddle out of the pouches, lest a pouch (of the Yisrael) break and he will tear off part of the saddle to patch it (and the Nochri wine from the saddle will enter the Yisrael's wine).

Question: According to the opinion that one may not benefit (even without benefiting from the Isur), why is Hadriyani earthenware forbidden, but bottles are permitted?

Answer: Regarding Hadriyani earthenware, the forbidden wine is intact (through soaking, one gets proper wine). Wine absorbed in bottles cannot be recovered by itself (it can only give taste to something).

(Beraisa #1): They did not agree to this.

Contradiction (Beraisa #2): One may not drink wine put in pouches of Nochrim, but one may benefit from the pouches;

Shimon ben Gude'a testified in front of Raban Gamliel's son that Raban Gamliel drank from it in Ako; they agreed to this.

Answer #1: (In Beraisa #1) all his colleagues did not agree, but his son agreed.

Answer #2: Shimon ben Goda is not Shimon ben Gude'a. When the latter testified, they agreed.

(Mishnah): Hides with a hole near the heart.

(Beraisa): If a hide has a hole (like a window) near the heart (from which the heart could be removed), and there is a crust of blood, it is forbidden;

If not, it is permitted.

(Rav Huna): This is only if the hide was not salted;

If it was salted, it is forbidden. Perhaps there was a crust and the salt removed it.

(Mishnah - R. Shimon ben Gamliel): If the hole is round it is forbidden. If it is long and narrow, it is permitted.

(Rav Yosef): The Halachah follows R. Shimon ben Gamliel.

Inference (Abaye): This implies that Chachamim argue with him!

Rav Yosef: What difference does it make? (In any case, the Halachah follows R. Shimon!)

Abaye: Should we recite teachings (that are not needed,) like a song?!

(Mishnah - R. Akiva): Meat being taken to (where they serve) idolatry is permitted.

Question: Like whom does R. Akiva hold?

Answer (R. Chiya bar Aba): He argues with R. Eliezer, who says that everything a Nochri does (Tosfos - slaughters) is for the sake of idolatry.

(Mishnah - R. Akiva): What is taken from it is forbidden, for it is like something sacrificed to idolatry.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer: Surely, it was offered to idolatry. R. Akiva holds like R. Yehudah ben Beseira.

(R. Yehudah ben Beseira): Something offered to idolatry has Tum'as Ohel (makes Tamei everything under the same roof with it). It says "... va'Yochelu Zivchei Mesim" - just like a corpse has Tum'as Ohel, also what is offered to idolatry.