Who is "ha'Levi" referring to?
Rashi (citing the Sifri): It is referring to the Kohanim, 1 since "ve'Sheireis" 2 - in Pasuk 7 -precludes Levi'im, who do not serve in the Beis-Hamikdash. 3
Aderes Eliyahu: It refers to B'nei Levi'im, who serve with the other Levi'im during the Yamim-Tovim. 4
Who are also B'nei Levi - See Pasuk 1. See also Ba'al ha'Turim and Torah Temimah, note 49.
Refer to 18:7:1:1, which indicates that "Vesheireis" pertains to the Levi'im as well, and it is only Pasuk 8 that pertains to the Kohanim exclusively. See Oznayim la'Torah on Pasuk 7 and on Pasuk 8, DH 'Cheilek ke'Cheilek Yocheilu'.
The Rambam learns it from "Cheilek ke'Cheilek Yochelu" (in Pasuk 8) - seeing as only Kohanim receive gifts in the Mikdash to eat. This is a strong proof, but I do not know his source. It is not in the Sifri. Gur Aryeh
Why does the Torah refer to the Kohanim as "B'nei Levi?
What are the implications of "u'Ba be'Chol Avas Nafsho ... Vesheireis"?
Rashi #1 (citing the Sifri), Rashbam and Targum Yonasan 1 : It implies that a Kohen can bring his own Korban - whether it is a Nedavah or a Chovah - whenever it suits him, even though it is not his group's turn to serve in the Beis-Hamikdash.
Rashi #2 (citing the Sifri): It implies that the Kohanim who come to the Beis-Hamikdash on Yom-Tov are permitted to serve in the Beis-Hamikdash and to bring the Korbanos of that Yom-Tov 2 - the Musafim, even though it is not their turn to serve in the Beis-Hamikdash.
Sifri: It implies that a Kohen is permitted to come to the Beis-Hakimdash and Duchen even though it is not his group's turn to serve.
Nos'ei K'lei Yonasan. See also Na'ar Yonasan.
See Torah Temimah, note 53, and refer to 18:6:151:3.
What are the connotations of "me'Achad She'arecha"?
Rashbam and Targm Yonsan: It means that he comes from town where he lives to scrifice in the Beis-Hamikdash even though it is not his group's turn.
Sukah, 55b and Sifri: With reference to 18:6:3:2, it confines the concession to Yom-Tov, when all the Kohanim enter Yerushlayim 'by the same gate', but not to the rest of the year. 1
Toras Moshe: It refers to a Levi who corrupted his ways and cleaved to one of the gates of the world, and not to the place that Hashem chose, and who now has a strong desire to return, He will be at the highest level. Previously, the Tzadikim received their share in Gan Eden, and also the Rasha's, and he received his share in Gehinom and theirs, but now that he has done Teshuvah "Cheilek ke'Cheilek Yochelu" (in Pasuk 8)
See Torah Temimah, note 52.
