1)

CASES THAT ARE NOT SHICHECHAH (Yerushalmi Peah Halachah 6 Daf 27b)

îùðä äòåîø ùùëçåäå ôåòìéí åìà ùëçäå áò"ä ùëçå áò"ä åìà ùëçåäå ôåòìéí òîãå äòðééí áôðéå àå ùçéôåäå á÷ù àéðä ùëçä:

(a)

(Mishnah): If a sheaf was forgotten by the laborers but not by the owner or by the owner but not by the laborers, or if a poor man stood in front of the sheaf to block the view of the laborers or they covered it with straw, it is not Shichechah.

âîøà äòåîø ùùëçåäå ôåòìéí åìà ùëçå áòä"á àéðä ùëçä ãëúéá (ãáøéí ëã) ÷öéøê åùëçú [ãó îç òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] ùëçå áò"ä åìà ùëçå ôåòìéí àéðä ùëçä ãëúéá ëé ú÷öåø åùëçú

(b)

(Gemara): The source that if a sheaf was forgotten by the laborers but not by the owner, it is not Shichechah, is as the pasuk states (Devarim 24:19), "(When you reap) your harvest (in the field) and forget". The source that if forgotten by the owner but not by the laborers it is not Shichechah, is as the pasuk states (ibid), "When you reap...and forget".

ø"ù áï éäåãà àåîø îùåí ø"ù àôé' çîøéï ùäï òåáøéï áãøê åøàå òåîø à' ùùëçåäå ôåòìéï å(ìà) ùëçäå áò"ä àéðå ùëçä òã ùéùëçåäå ëì àãí

(c)

(R. Shimon ben Yehuda citing R. Shimon): Even if donkey drivers are travelling and see a sheaf that the laborers and the owner forgot, it is not Shichechah unless it is forgotten by everyone.

äéä òåîã áòéø åàåîø éåãò àðé ùäôåòìéï ùëéçéï òåîøéï áî÷åí ôìåðé åùëçåäå (àéðå)[äåé] ùëçä

(d)

If the owner was standing in the city and said, "I know that the laborers forget sheaves in a certain place" - if they forgot, it is Shichechah.

äéä òåîã áùãä åàîø éåãò àðé ùäôåòìéï ùëéçéï òåîøéï áî÷åí ôìåðé (äøé æå)[àéï æä] ùëçä ùðàîø áùãä åùëçú åìà áòéø åùëçú

(e)

If the owner was standing in the field and said, "I know that the laborers forget sheaves in a certain place", it is not Shichechah, as the pasuk states (ibid), "in the field and forget" but not "in the city and forget".

ø"æ áùí ùîåàì àó ìòðéï îöéàä ëï

(f)

(R. Zeira citing Shmuel): It is the same for (a person declaring that his field should acquire) a Hefker (ownerless) item (such as an animal that he is chasing - he must be standing next to the field).

àðï ÷ééîéï àí áéëåì ìéâò áäï îä ìé áúåê äòéø îä ìé áúåê ùãäå

(g)

Question: What is Shmuel's case? If he can run and catch them, what is the difference whether he is in the city or in the field?

ø' àáà áø ëäðà ø' éåñé áùí øáé éåçðï åäåà ùéëåì ìéâò áäï àôé' áúåê ùãäå

(h)

Answer (R. Abba bar Kahana/ R. Yosi citing R. Yochanan): Nevertheless, he must be able to run and catch them and must be standing in his field.

[ãó îç òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] äéä ëåìå îçåôä á÷ù

(i)

Question: (Our Mishnah taught that if the poor covered the sheaves with straw, they are not Shichechah) If the entire field was covered in straw and he gathered the produce together under the straw and left one sheaf behind, is it Shichechah?

ðùîòéðà îï äãà åëï äñåîà ùùëç éù ìå ùëçä åñåîà ìà ëîé ùëåìå îçåôä á÷ù äåà

(j)

Answer (Mishnah in Perek 6): 'And similarly, if a blind person forgot (a sheaf), it is Shichechah.' Isn't a blind person like the field covered in straw? (So in our case, it is also Shichechah.)

ø' éåðä àåîø áæåëø àú ä÷ùéí

(k)

(R. Yona): Our Mishnah was referring to when he remembered the straw and forgot the sheaf (but if he also forgot the straw, it is as if he forgot the sheaf).

àúéà ãø' éåðä ëø"æ ëîä ãø"æ àåîø áæåëø àú äòìéåï ëï ø' éåðä àîø áæåëø àúä ÷ùéí:(

(l)

R. Yona is like R. Zeira - (In Perek 6 Halacha 3, the Baraisa says that if a person took a sheaf and put it on another to transport to the city, R. Shimon said that neither sheaf is Shichechah - the bottom one because it is covered and the top one because he acquired it.) Just as R. Zeira said there that since he remembered the top one, the bottom one is not Shichechah; so too R. Yona said here that since he remembered the straw, the sheaves underneath are not Shichechah.

2)

CUTTING SHEAVES FOR OTHER REASONS (Yerushalmi Peah Halachah 7 Daf 27b)

îùðä äîòîø ìëåáòåú ìëåîñàåú ìçøøä åìòåîøéí àéï ìå ùëçä îîðå åìâåøï éù ìå ùëçä

(a)

(The standard method of the harvesters is as follows - after the field is harvested, they make bundles, then gather them and make several small piles scattered around the field. These are then gathered into one place (called a Gadish - a stack). They are then taken to the threshing floor to be threshed.) If one bundles sheaves to make hats or Kumasos (low hats), (or he needs a small amount of produce just) to make a Chararah (dough) or he makes small bundles of sheaves in order) to make (large) sheaves, Shichechah does not apply. But if he brings it from there to the threshing floor, Shichechah applies (as that is the final stage of production). (Note: Some commentaries explain the terms 'hats' and 'Kumasos' as gathering the produce into certain shaped piles.)

äîòîø ìâãéù éù ìå ùëçä îîðå åìâåøï àéï ìå ùëçä

(b)

One who bundles to take to the (large) stack, Shichechah applies. But from there to the threshing floor, Shichechah does not apply.

æä äëìì ëì äîòîø ìî÷åí ùäåà âîø îìàëä éù ìå ùëçä îîðå åìâåøï àéï ìå ùëçä ìî÷åí ùàéðå âîø îìàëä àéï ìå ùëçä îîðå åìâåøï éù ìå ùëçä:

(c)

The general rule is - whenever bundles are taken to the place where their process is complete, Shichechah applies. But when they are then taken from there to the threshing floor, Shichechah does not apply. To take to a place where its process is not complete (such as making small bundles), Shichechah does not apply. But if they are then taken to the threshing floor, Shichechah applies.

âîøà ø' éåðä àîø îï ìòéì ëîä ãúéîø (ùîåàì à éæ) åëåáò ðçåùú òì øàùå:

(d)

(Gemara) (R. Yona): 'Hats' are on top, as the pasuk states (Shmuel I 17:38), "and (he placed) a copper hat on his head".

ìëåîñàåú øáé àáéðà àîø îìøò ëîä ãúéîø (ãáøéí ìá) äìà äåà ëîåñ òîãé

(e)

Kumasos - R. Avina said that they are below, as the pasuk states (Devarim 32:34), "Is it not hidden away {Kamus} with Me, sealed up in My treasuries?"

ìçøøä âìâì

(f)

Chararah - a circular piece of dough.

[ãó îè òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] ìòåîøéï à"ø éåçðï (ãáøéí ëã) ëé ú÷öåø ÷öéøê áùãä åùëçú òåîø áùãä îä ÷öéø ùàéï àçøéå ÷öéø àó òåîø ùàéï àçøéå òåîø:

(g)

(R. Yochanan): (The reason that when one gathers for hats etc. Shichechah does not apply, but if they are taken to the threshing floor, Shichechah applies, is because sheaves are compared to harvesting) as the pasuk states (Devarim 24:19), "When you shall reap your harvest in the field and you shall forget a sheaf in the field" - just as after harvesting, no more harvesting can be done, so too sheaves can only be Shichechah when there is no further process (i.e. transferal) to be done.

HADRAN ALACH PEREK GADISH