1)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses 'Paras Chatas she'Shachtah (See Tosfoas Yom Tov) Chutz mi'Gitah'.' The Mishnah refers to ...

1. ... the Parah Adumah as 'Paras Chatas' - because the Torah (in Parshas Chukas) refers to it as 'Chatas'.

2. ... the pile of wood on which it is burned as 'Gitah' - because its shape resembles that of a wine-press ('Gas').

(b)The Tana now declares the Kohen - Patur ...

(c)... as he does in connection with a Kohen who Shechts the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach on Yom Kipur ba'Chutz (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(d)Both animals however - are Pasul.

(e)Based on the Pasuk in Acharei-Mos (in connection with Sh'chutei Chutz) "ve'el Pesach Ohel Mo'ed Lo Hevi'o", the Kohen in both of the current cases is not Chayav Kareis - since neither of the animals is fit to be brought bi'Fenim.

2)

(a)The Mishnah rules that an animal that is a Rove'a, Nirva, Muktzeh or Ne'evad - is not subject to Shechitas Chutz.

(b)Four of the next five items that the Tana lists are Esnan (Zonah), M'chir (Kelev), Kil'ayim and T'reifah; the fifth is - Yotzei Dofen.

(c)The Tana learns this ruling from the Pasuk there - "Lifnei Mishkan Hash-m" ...

(d)... and these are not fit to come before the Mishkan Hash-m.

3)

(a)The Tana Kama adds to the list Ba'alei Mumin, even if the blemish is only temporary. Rebbi Shimon says - that the latter is subject to a La'av.

(b)The La'av that one transgresses, according to Rebbi Shimon, is - the Pasuk in Emor "Lo Sa'asun ke'Chol asher Anachnu Osim Poh ha'Yom" (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(c)They are not subject to Kareis - since they will eventually be fit to be sacrificed.

4)

(a)The Torah renders pigeons that have grown-up - and doves that have not, eligible to be brought as a Korban.

(b)Pigeons become eligible and doves lose their eligibility - when their plumage turns yellow (as we learned in the Mishnah in Chulin).

(c)The Mishnah now says that a Kohen who sacrifices ba'Chutz doves that are no longer eligible to be brought on the Mizbe'ach - are not subject to Ha'ala'as Chutz.

(d)The Tana Kama issues the same ruling with regard to pigeons before they become eligible. According to Rebbi Shimon however - they too, are subject to a La'av, but not to Kareis.

5)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses Oso ve'es B'no - (where one of them was sacrificed earlier that day, and one thyen Shechts the second one ba'Chutz) and Mechusar Z'man.

(b)The Tana Kama rules - that neither of them is subject to Sh'chutei Chutz.

(c)Rebbi Shimon says once again that - they are subject to a La'av, but not to Kareis.

(d)To refute that, the Chachamim say that - wherever there is no Kareis, there is no Lo Sa'aseh either (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

6)

(a)Rebbi Shimon and the Rabbanan argue in three cases. We might we have thought, had they only argued ...

1. ... by Ba'alei Mumin, but that, in the case of the pigeons and doves, the Chachamim will agree with Rebbi Shimon - because, unlike the former, they are not disgusting.

2. ... by the pigeons and doves (See Tosfos Yom Tov DH 'Oso ve'es B'no'), but that, in the case of Ba'alei Mumin, Rebbi Shimon will agree with the Chachamim - since they were initially eligible, and became unfit only later.

3. ... by those two cases, but that, in the case of 'Oso ve'es B'no', the Chachamim will agree with Rebbi Shimon - because, unlike the former, which is a P'sul ha'Guf, the P'sul is external.

(b)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

7)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses two kinds of Mechusar Z'man, 'be'Gufo' (where the animal is less than eight days old) and 'be'Ba'alav' - (where the owner is a Mechusar Kaparah) ...

(b)... a Zav, a Zavah and Yoledes (and a Metzora [See Tosfos Yom Tov]).

(c)In order to be Chayav ...

1. ... the Zav and Zavah must bring their Korban Chatas ba'Chutz - during their seven clean days.

2. ... the Yoledes must bring her Chatas - during the days of her M'los (before the forty-first day following the birth of a girl and the eighty first day following the birth of a boy).

(d)The Tana mentions Asham, despite the fact that a Zav, Zavah and Yoledes do not bring an Asham - after inserting Metzora, who does.

(e)They are not Chayav for Sh'chutei Chutz - because the Chatas and the Asham are not fit to go on the Mizbe'ach at that stage (neither a a Chovah nor as a Nedavah).

8)

(a)The Mishnah declare the Olah and the Shelamim of the above subject to Sh'chutei Chutz - because although they are not eligible to go on the Mizbe'ach as a Chovah, they are fit to go on the Mizbe'ach as a Nedavah, if they are brought Lish'man after the Kohen has brought the Chatas, and the Asham of the Metzora (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)Seeing as the four above (Mechusrei Kaparah) do not bring a Shelamim - we need to add Nazir to the list.

9)

(a)The first four items on the Mishnah's next list are 'B'sar Chatas, B'sar Asham, B'sar Kodshei Kodshim and B'sar Kodshim Kalim - all of which are not subject to Ha'ala'as Chutz.

(b)He learns it from the Pasuk (in connection with Sh'chutei Chutz) " ... asher Ya'aleh Olah (O Zavach)" and all those on this (and the subsequent) list - are eaten either by the Kohanim or by the owner), and are therefore not eligible to go on the Mizbe'ach.

(c)'B'sar Kodshei Kodshim' comes to include - the Zivchei Shalmei Tzibur (the lambs that are brought on Shavu'os), that have the Din of Kodshei Kodshim.

(d)Three of the next four items on the list are Mosar ha'Omer, Sh'tei ha'Lechem and Lechem ha'Panim, the fourth is - Sheyarei Menachos (the remainder of the Minchah after the Kemitzah has been taken).

10)

(a)The list of Avodos ha'Korbanos that the Mishnah now discusses begins with ha'Yotzek, ha'Bolel, ha'ha'Poseis and ha'Mole'ach ...

(b)... all of which are associated with - the Korban Minchah.

(c)'Yotzeik' is ...

1. ... pouring the oil on to the flour, and ...

2. ... 'Poseis' - breaking it into pieces.

(d)The Tana declares these Avodos - not subject to Ha'ala'as Chutz.

11)

(a)The list continues with Meinif (waving a Minchah that requires waving), Magish, Mesader es ha'Shulchan and Meitiv es ha'Neiros (preparing the Menorah for kindling).

1. ... 'Magish' constitutes - bringing the Kometz to the south-western Keren of the Mizbe'ach before burning it, and ...

2. ... 'Mesader ... ' - arranging the Lechem ha'Panim on the Shulchan.

(b)The Mishnah also rules that - the Kohen who performs the Kemitzah (See Tosfos Yom Tov) or who receives the blood, ba'Chutz is Patur.

(c)Based on the Pasuk " ... asher Ya'aleh Olah O Zavach", all the above Avodos are not subject to Ha'ala'as Chutz - because they do not conclude their respective Avodos (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(d)Finally, the Tana lists Zarus, Tum'ah, Mechusar Begadim and R'chutz Yadayim ve'Raglayim - which do not apply to all the above-mentioned Avodos, even though they render Pasul that particular Avodah (Refer to Tosfos Yom Tov on each of these items).

12)

(a)Before the Mishkan was erected, Bamos were permitted - and the Bechoros performed the Avodah.

(b)We learn the latter ruling - from the Pasuk in Mishpatim (in connection with Har Sinai) "Vayishlach es Na'arei B'nei Yisrael (with reference to the Bechoros), Vaya'alu Olos ... ".

(c)The Tana informs us that, after the Mishkan was built, things changed. We learn from the Pasuk in Acharei-Mos (in connection with the Korbanos) "ve'el Pesach Ohel Mo'ed Lo Hevi'o" that - Korbanos must be brought to the Ohel Mo'ed (thereby rendering disqualifying the use of Bamos.

(d)From then on, the Avodah was performed - by the Kohanim (as is evident from numerous Parshiyos in the Torah).

(e)One was then permitted to eat ...

1. ... Kodshei Kodshim - within the hangings of the Azarah, and ...

2. ... Kodshim Kalim - anywhere in Machaneh Yisrael.

13)

(a)Nochrim are permitted to offer Korbanos on a Bamah - provided they do so in the Name of Hash-m (and not in the Name of an Avodah Zarah).

(b)A Yisrael is not permitted to bring a Korban on a Bamah on behalf of a Nochri. He is however, allowed to - teach him the Dinim of Hakravah (on a Bamah).

14)

(a)The major difference between Gilgal (the first encampment of Yisrael in Eretz Yisrael [See Tosfos Yom Tov]) and the Mishkan was that - the former, which comprised only the curtains of the Mishkan, was not a building; the latter was.

(b)Bamos became permitted once again. We learn this from the juxtaposition of the Pesukim (Ibid.) " ... asher Yishchat ba'Machaneh ... ve'el Pesach Ohel Mo'ed Lo Hevi'o" - indicating that the Isur of Sh'chutei Chutz is confined to the Camp of Yisrael, and once they arrived in Eretz Yisrael, the Camp (as it existed in the desert) was dismantled.

(c)They then ate ...

1. ... Kodshei Kodshim - within the hangings of the Azarah (like they did previously) and ...

2. ... Kodshim Kalim - anywhere in Eretz Yisrael.

(d)The reason for the latter ruling is - the same as the previous question (in b).

15)

(a)After Gilgal, came Shiloh. Based on the Pasuk in Re'ei "Ki Lo Ba'sem el ha'Menuchah (ve'el ha'Nachalah)", when the Mishkan was erected there - the Bamos again became prohibited (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)Mishkan Shiloh is referred to as 'Menuchah' - because, in contrast to the Mishkan in the desert, they no longer had to wander from one place to another.

(c)Shiloh was different than Gilgal - inasmuch as it comprised a structure made of stone.

(d)We learn from the Pasuk in ...

1. ... Shmuel - "Vatevi'eihu Beis Hash-m Shiloh" that - Mishkan Shiloh was a (stone) structure.

2. ... Tehilim - "Vayitosh Mishkan Shiloh" - that its ceiling comprised curtains.

16)

(a)In Shiloh too, Kodshei Kodshim had to be eaten in the Azarah. They ate ...

1. ... Kodshim Kalim and ...

2. ... Ma'aser Sheini - in any location from which Shiloh could be seen.

(b)We learn this from the Pasuk in Re'ei "Hishamer l'cha Pen Ta'aleh Olosecha be'Chol Makom asher Tir'eh" - which implies that you cannot bring Korbanos from any location from which you can see Shiloh, but you can eat (Kodshim Kalim) there.

(c)The Tana did not inform us where they ate Ma'aser Sheini in Gilgal - because T'rumos and Ma'asros did not apply during the fourteen years of conquest and distribution.

17)

(a)Mishkan Shiloh stood - three hundred and sixty-nine years, until the Aron - was captured by the P'lishtim.

(b)After Mishkan Shiloh was destroyed, the Aron went first to Nov (in the days of Eli [See Tosfos Yom Tov]) - and then to Giv'on (in the time of Shaul ha'Melech [Ibid.]).

(c)The era of Nov and Giv'on lasted - fifty-seven years.

(d)We learned earlier that "Menuchah" referred to Shiloh. "Nachalah" (in the same Pasuk) refers to - Yerushalayim (See Tosfos Yom Tov)

(e)The Torah mentions them both - to teach us that during the period in between (that of Nov and Giv'on), Bamos were permitted.

18)

(a)During the era of Nov and Giv'on, Kodshim Kalim - and Ma'aser Sheini could once again be eaten anywhere in Eretz Yisrael (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)We learn this from the Pasuk (Ibid.) "Lo Suchal Le'echol bi'She'arecha Ma'aser D'gancha ... ve'Chol Nedarecha asher Tidor (Korban Shelamim and Todah) - which compares Ma'aser (Sheini) to Kodshim Kalim.

19)

(a)When they came to Yerushalayim - Bamos became prohibited once and for all.

(b)They could then eat Kodshei Kodshim - within the hangings of the Azarah (See Tosfos Yom Tov) and Kodshim Kalim - only within the walls of Yerushalayim (Ibid.).

20)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses Kodshim that one declares Hekdesh and sacrifices during the period that Bamos are forbidden, during which - one transgresses an Asei, a Lo Sa'aseh and Kareis.

(b)We learn the Asei either from the Pasuk "ve'Hevi'um la'Hashem" (See Hagahos Rashash), or from the Pasuk (with reference to Yerushalayim) "Shamah Tavi'u es Oloseichem ... ". We learn ...

1. ... it from the latter - by way of inference ("There you shall bring", 'but not on a Bamah'; and we have a principle that 'A La'av which is learned via an inference from an Asei is an Asei'.

2. ... the Lo Sa'aseh from "Hishamer l'cha Pen Ta'aleh Olosecha be'Chol Makom ... " - via the principle that the words 'Hishamer' 'Pen' and 'Al' all imply a Lo Sa'aseh.

21)

(a)Someone who sacrifices ba'Chutz an animal that he declared Hekdesh during the period that Bamos were permitted - transgresses the Asei and the Lo Sa'aseh, but not Kareis ...

(b)... since one is only Chayav Kareis for sacrificing an animal ba'Chutz for which he would have been Chayav had he sacrificed it when he declared it Hekdesh ...

(c)...which we learn from the Pasuk (in connection with Kareis of Sh'chutei Chutz in the desert) "Chukas Olam Tih'yeh Zos lahem" - implying "Zos lahem" (with reference to animals that were Hekdesh then), but not others (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

22)

(a)Someone who sacrificed ba'Chutz during the period that Bamos were permitted, an animal that he declared Hekdesh during the period that they were forbidden, transgressed - only an Asei ...

(b)He ...

1. ... transgressed the Asei - because he failed to bring the Korban whilst it was possible to do so.

2. ... did not transgress the Lo Sa'aseh and the Kareis - both of which are written specifically by the Hakravah (the sacrificing), but not by the declaration of Hekdesh.

23)

(a)When the Tana states 've'Eilu K'reivin ba'Mishkan', he is referring to - the era of Bamos, where there was also a Mishkan (of curtains).

(b)'Mishkan' in this context is equivalent to Bamas Tzibur - which was situated in Gilgal, Nov and Giv'on (though not at the same time).

24)

(a)The sole item on the list is Kodshim she'Hikdishu la'Mishkan', which the Mishnah itself defines as - Korb'nos Tzibur.

(b)Korb'nos Yachid were brought - on a Bamas Yachid.

(c)One must bring even Korb'nos Yachid in the Mishkan - if the owner specifically designated it on that condition ...

(d)... though if one brought them on a Bamah - one was Patur (from transgressing a La'aav and from a punishment [See Tiferes Yisrael]).

(e)It was forbidden to do so Lechatchilah however, based on the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei - "Motzei Sefasecha Tishmor ve'Asisa".

25)

(a)The Tana Kama rules - that Semichah and Sh'chitas Tzafon - apply by a Bamas Tzibur but not to a Bamas Yachid.

(b)He learns from the Pasuk in Vayikra ...

1. ... "Lifnei Hash-m ... ve'Samach" - that Semichah does not pertain to a Bamas Yachid

2. ... "Tzafonah Lifnei Hash-m" - that Tzafon does not apply to it either.

(c)He draws the same distinction regarding Matan Saviv - (the Din of sprinkling the blood on two diametrically opposite corners), T'nufah and Hagashah.

(d)He learns from the Pasuk in ...

1. ... Tetzaveh "Vezarku es ha'Dam al ha'Mizbe'ach Saviv" - the Din of Matan Saviv, from the Pasuk in ...

2. ... Tzav "Tenufah Lifnei Hash-m" - the Din of Tenufah and from the Pasuk in ...

3. ... Vayikra "ve'Higishah el ha'Mizbe'ach" - the Din of Hagashah ...

(e)... which is performed with a Korban Minchah.

26)

(a)According to Rebbi Yehudah - a Minchah is not brought on a Bamah (See Tosfos Yom Tov) ...

(b)... since the Torah only mentions 'Zevachim' in connection with Bamos (Ibid.).

27)

(a)The Mishnah learns from the Pasuk in ...

1. ... Acharei-Mos "ve'Zarak ha'Kohen es ha'Dam al ha'Mizbe'ach" that - a Bamah is not subject to Kehunah.

2. ... Tetzaveh (in connection with the Klei Shareis) "Leshareis ba'Kodesh" that - it does not require a K'lei Shareis either.

(b)Based on the Pasuk in Tzav "Yilbasham ha'Kohen", the Tana preclude Bigdei Kehunah from Korbanos that are brought on a Bamah - because since it is not subject to Kehunah, it is not subject to Bigdei Kehunah (which are only worn by Kohanim) either.

(c)And when he says that a Bamah is not subject to ...

1. ... "Re'ach Nicho'ach" (See Tosfos Yom Tov), he means that - whereas placing limbs on the Mizbe'ach after they have been roasted is forbidden (because it detracts from the 'Re'ach Nicho'ach'), this does not apply to a Bamah.

2. ... Mechitzah be'Damim he means that - it is not necessary to encircle the Bamah with a red thread (like they did the Mizbe'ach).

(d)He learns the latter ruling from the Pasuk "ve'Haysah ha'Reshes (the netting that they used in the first Beis-ha'Mikdash) ad Chatzi ha'Mizbe'ach" - implying that no division is necessary on a Bamah.

(e)And from the Pasuk in Ki Sissa "be'Vo'am el Ohel Mo'ed Yirchatzu Mayim", he learns - that washing hands and feet before performing the Avodah is not necessary by a Bamah.

28)

(a)The Mishnah finally rules that 'Z'man, Nosar (See Tosfos Yom-tov) and Tamei' - do apply to a Bamah.

(b)The meaning of ...

1. ... 'Tamei' is - the prohibition of someone who is Tamei to bring a Korban (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

2. ... 'Z'man' is - Pigul (if one has in mind to eat the Korban after the given time period has elapsed).

(c)The current ruling with regard to Tamei is surprising - seeing as a Zar (a non Kohen) is permitted to perform the Avodah on a Bamah.