1)

(a)The Mishnah rules that all Menachos whose Kemitzah is taken (See Tos. Yom Tov & Tiferes Yisrael) she'Lo li'Sheman - are Kasher, although the owner is not Yotzei.

(b)An example of this is a Minchas Marcheshes (a Minchah that is brought in a deep pot) - whose Kemitzah the Kohen took having in mind a Minchas Machavas (one that is brought on a flat pan).

(c)The ramifications of this ruling regarding ...

1. ... the Kometz are that - a second Kemitzah is not necessary.

2. ... the Shirayim are - that they may not be eaten.

(d)The source for the ruling is - the equivalent Halachah with regard to Zevachim, as we learned at the beginning of Maseches Zechachim.

2)

(a)In the phrase 'although the owner is not Yotzei', the Tana inserts the word 'although' (Ela), to teach us that - in all other regards, the Minchah is Kasher, in which case it is forbidden to make any other changes that will render the Minchah Pasul [See Tos. Yom Tov]).

(b)One of the two exceptions to the current ruling mentioned in the Mishnah is a 'Minchas Chotei' - that is brought, for example for Tum'as Mikdash ve'Kodashav, by someone who cannot afford two birds.

(c)The second exception is - the Minchas Kena'os that is brought by a Sotah.

(d)The case of 'Kamtzan she'Lo li'Sheman' in both cases is - where the Kohen has in mind a Minchas Nedavah.

3)

(a)Two of the three other Avodos to which the current ruling applies is 'Nasan bi'Cheli' and 'Hilech' - (taking the Kometz to the south-western corner of the Mizbe'ach).

(b)A Minchas ...

1. ... Chotei is Pasul she'Lo li'Shemah - because the Torah calls it 'a Chatas'.

2. ... Kena'os (which the Torah does not call 'a Chatas') is Pasul she'Lo li'Shemah - because the Torah nevertheless uses the word "Avon" (sin) in connection with it (thereby giving it the stamp of a Chatas).

4)

(a)The Minchas ha'Omer is Pasul she'Lo li'Shemah - because it has not fulfilled its role in permitting Chadash to be eaten (See Tos. Yom Tov) ...

(b)... and the reason that the Tana did not insert it in the Mishnah together with the Minchas Chotei and the Minchas Kena'os is - because he is only concerned with Menachos that do not have a fixed time (whereas the Minchas ha'Omer does).

5)

(a)The Mishnah finally rules, regarding the Minchas Chotei and the Minchas Kena'os, that if the Kohen performs any of the above Avodos ...

1. ... first li'Shemah and then she'Lo li'Shemah or ...

2. ... first she'Lo li'Shemah and then li'Shemah - the Korban is Pasul.

(b)Having issued the ruling with regard to li'Shemah and she'Lo li'Shemah, the Tana needs to add she'Lo li'Shemah ve'li'Shemah - because we would otherwise have ascribed the reason for the ruling to the principle 'T'fos Lashon Acharon (We go after the latter Lashon)', and that she'Lo li'Shemah and li'Shemah is therefore Kasher.

6)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if the Kemitzah of a Minchas Chotei or any other Minchah is performed by a Zar or an Onein, a T'vul Yom, or a Mechusar Begadim - it is Pasul.

(b)The list continues with Mechusar Kipurim, she'Lo Rechutz Yadayim ve'Raglayim, 'Areil' - whose brothers died on account of the Milah ve'Tamei.

(c)The next three items are a Kohen who performs Kemitzah sitting or standing on a vessel, on an animal or on his friend's foot. The Kemitzah is Pasul if the Kohen is ...

1. ... sitting - because the Torah writes "La'amod Leshareis".

2. ... standing on any of the above - because it is a Chatzitzah (an interruption between his foot and the ground).

7)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, if a Kohen performs the Kemitzah with his left hand, it is Pasul (See Tos. Yom Tov). ben Beseira maintains - that he returns it to the remainder of the dough and perform the Kemitzah again with his right hand ...

(b)... and the same applies to the other Pesulim listed in the Mishnah (See Tos. Yom Tov).

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

8)

(a)The Kemitzah is Pasul if it includes a piece of earth, a grain of salt (See Tos. Yom Tov) or a grain of frankincense (See Tos. Yom Tov) - because it is then Chaser (lacking).

(b)The Kohen ...

1. ... usually avoids the latter from happening - by moving the Levonah to one side before taking the Kemitzah.

2. ... after taking the Kemitzah - then replaces all the Levonah and burns them together on the Mizbe'ach.

(c)The Mishnah - declares Pasul a Kemitzah that is Yeser (excessive [See Tos. Yom Tov]).

(d)The Tana defines ...

1. ... Yeser as - where the Kometz is fuller than usual (See Tos. Yom Tov).

2. ... Chaser as - where the Kohen gathers the flour into his fingertips ...

(e)... instead of spreading them over the entire palm of his hand.

9)

(a)The Kohen then performs the Kemitzah - by sliding his hand sideways into the Minchah (See Tos. Yom Tov).

(b)To ensure that no flour protrudes from either side of the three middle fingers - he rubs away the excessive flour with his thumb on one side and with his pinky on the other.

(c)The two kinds of Menachos that require this procedure are - the Minchas Marcheshes and the Minchas Machavas (which we mentioned earlier [See also Tos. Yom Tov]).

(d)What makes this Avodah one of the most difficult to perform is the fact that - both of these Menachos had to be broken up before taking the Kemitzah, making it extremely difficult to avoid the Kometz being either Chaser or Yeser.

10)

(a)The Rambam rejects the previous statement, based on the Gemara's statement 've'Kometz ke'de'Kamtzi Inshi' - which he interprets to mean that the Kohen fills the palm of his hand in the same way as a person would normally fill it.

(b)The Bartenura however, with reference to his Rebbes - explains that 've'Kometz ke'de'Kamtzi Inshi' refers to sliding one's hand in sideways that we explained earlier.

11)

(a)A Minchah requires - a Log (six egg-volumes) of oil per Isaron (tenth of an Eifah) of flour.

(b)The Mishnah - declares Pasul a Minchah which contains ...

1. ... too much oil ...

2. ... too little oil - or ...

3. ... too little frankincense (See Tos. Yom Tov).

(c)Too ...

1. ... ... much oil is - two or more Lugin (See Tiferes Yisrael).

2. ... ... little oil is - anything less than a Log,

3. ... ... little frankincense' is - less than two grains.

(d)We learn the latter ruling from the words "Es" and " Kol " in the Pasuk in Tzav (in connection with Kemitzah " ... es Kol ha'Levonah asher al ha'Minchah") - in that "Kol" implies even one grain, and "es" comes to include a second one.

12)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a Kohen who performs the Kemitzah having in mind to eat the Shirayim or to burn the Kometz outside the Azarah - transgresses a La'av, whereas one who has in mind to do so the next day (See Tos. Yom Tov) - transgresses a Chiyuv Kareis.

(b)We learn from the Pasuk...

1. ... in Tzav (in the current connection) "ve'Im He'achol Ye'achel ... " that - the P'sul of Chutz li'Mekomo applies both to Achilas Adam (the Shirayim) and Achilas Mizbe'ach (the Kometz).

2. ... there "ha'Makriv oso Lo Yechashev" - that even a Machshavah renders Pasul.

(c)And the same will apply - if the Kohen has in mind to eat or to burn, not the entire Shirayim or the Kometz, but ...

1. ... a k'Zayis of either of them, or ...

2. ... to burn its Levonah.

13)

(a)Besides the Kemitzah - placing the Kometz in a K'li Shareis, carrying it to the Mizbe'ach and burning it on the Mizbe'ach, render the Kohen Chayav.

(b)One is Chayav Kareis by Chutz li'Zemano - provided the Matir is otherwise brought be'Kashrus..

(c)We learn the Din of ...

1. ... Kemitzah in this regard - from the Shechitah of a Korban, which is the equivalent Avodah by a Korban to the Kemitzah.

2. ... placing the Kometz in a K'li Shareis - from the Kabalas ha'Dam of a Korban.

3. ... carrying it to the Mizbe'ach - from the Holachah of the Korban.

4. ... burning it and the Levonah on the Mizbe'ach - from the Zerikas ha'Dam.

(d)In the same vein, the blood of a Korban is the equivalent of ...

1. ... the Kometz and the Levonah, the Basar of ...

2. ... the Shirayim.

14)

(a)The principle that governs the parallel Dinim of the Kometz and the Shirayim is that - one must have in mind to eat bi'Pesul what is normally eaten and to burn bi'Pesul what is normally burned on the Mizbe'ach.

(b)If the Kohen has in mind to eat the Kometz or to burn the Shirayim bi'Pesul - it does not invalidate the Korban ...

(c)... because his intention is Bateil to everybody else's.

(d)When the Tana says 'u'Bilevad she'Yikrav ha'Matir ke'Mitzvasah', he means - that the Kometz is brought without any other P'sul.

15)

(a)'Kareiv ha'Matir ke'Mitzvaso' incorporates three cases: The first two are where the Kohen performed the Kemitzah bi'Shetikah, and the other three Avodos with a Machshavah of Chutz li'Zemano; the second , where he performed the Kemitzah Chutz li'Zemano and the other three Avodos bi'Shetikah, whereas the third case is - where he performed all four Avodos Chutz li'Zamano.

16)

(a)The Tana now discusses 'Lo Kareiv ha'Matir ke'Mitzvaso'. The first two cases are where the Kohen performed the Kemitzah with a Machshavah of Chutz li'Mekomo and one of the other three Avodos Chutz li'Zemano, or vice-versa. The third case cited him is - where he performed any on of the four Avodos with a Machshaves Chutz li'Mekomo and the other three Chutz li'Zemano.

(b)The additional cases of 'Lo Kareiv ha'Matir ke'Mitzvaso' that apply to a Minchas Chotei and a Minchas Kena'os exclusively presented by the Tana are - where equivalent to the above, but where, instead of Chutz li'Mekomo, the Kohen thinks she'Lo li'Shemo.

17)

(a)When the Tana discusses a case where the Kohen has a mixed Machshavhah of 'Le'echol k'Zayis ba'Chutz and a k'Zayis le'Machar', or vice-versa - he is referring to where the Kohen has the two Machshavos in one Avodah.

(b)He issues the same ruling ...

1. ... in that case and ...

2. ... in a case of 'ke'Chatzi Zayis ba'Chutz and ke'Chatzi Zayis le'Machar', or vice-versa.

(c)Rebbi Yehudah maintains in all of the cases of 'Lo Kareiv ha'Matir ke'Mitzvaso' - that it is only Pasul (and not Pigul) where the Machsheves she'Lo bi'Mekomo preceded the Machsheves she'Lo bi'Zemano, but where the Machsheves she'Lo bi'Zemano preceded the Machsheves she'Lo bi'Mekaomo (or she'Lo li'Shemo), it remains Pigul.

(d)The Mishnah sees fit to add the latter cases (where the Kohen has the two Machshavos in one Avodah) - according to Rebbi Yehudah, to teach us that even there, a Machsheves she'Lo bi'Mekomo does not detract from the Machsheves she'Lo bi'Zemano that preceded it.

18)

(a)The Chachamim rule that - the Kohen is Patur from Kareis even if the Machsheves she'Lo bi'Zemano preceded that of she'Lo bi'Mekomo (like the Tana Kama [See Tiferes Yisrael]).

(b)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

(c)The Mishnah finally rules that if the Kohen has a Machshavah of Le'echol ke'Chatzi Zayis and Lehaktir ke'Chatzi Zayis - the Korban remains Kasher ...

(d)... because Achilah and Haktarah do not combine.