1)

(a)Rava learns three Gezeirah-Shavahs ... , from "Yad" "Regel" and "Ozen". These three words are written - in Parshas Metzora in connection with the purification ceremony of a Metzora Ashir.

(b)What all three have in common is that - the Torah writes Yemanis by each one.

(c)The first Gezeirah-Shavah concerns "Yad" (by Kemitzah). We learn ...

1. ... Regel from Metzora Ashir that - Chalitzah must be performed on the right foot.

2. ... Ozen from Metzora Ashir that - if an Eved Ivri wants to remain after his initial six-year period, it is his right ear that must be pierced.

(d)In spite of Rebbi Yochanan's D'rashah of Kehunah (which we just cited) - we need the Gezeirah-Shavah "Yad" "Yad", one for the actual Kemitzah, the other, for the Kidush Kometz (which must also be performed with the right hand).

2)

(a)According to one opinion in Menachos, Rebbi Shimon does not require Kidush Kometz at all. Even those who disagree with that however hold that - according to him, Kidush Kometz bi'Semol, Kasher, because it is no different than Kabalas Dam, which Rebbi Shimon validates with the left-hand.

(b)Rebbi Shimon cannot invalidate Kemitzah bi'Semol from Kehunah (like Rebbi Yochanan) - because he requires Etzba, as we learned on the previous Amud.

3)

(a)The Torah writes in Shemini (in connection with the Minchah) "Kodesh Kodshim hi, ka'Chatas ve'che'Asham". Rebbi Yehudah b'rei de'Rebbi Chiya, explaining Rebbi Shimon, learns from the Torah's comparison of a Minchah to ...

1. ... a Chatas that - if the Kohen comes to bring it with his hands, he must use his right hand (like the Haza'ah of a Chatas).

2. ... an Asham that - if he wants to use a K'li Shareis, then he may use his left hand (like the Zerikah of an Asham).

(b)We learn from there that, according to Rebbi Shimon, the Kemitzah requires the right hand - because it can only be performed by hand, and is therefore compared to Chatas, as we just explained.

(c)We nevertheless need the Gezeirah-Shavah of Rava - to teach us that even the Kemitzah of a sinner's Minchah requires the Kohen's right hand.

(d)We would otherwise have thought that his Kemitzah is Kasher even with the left hand - because of Rebbi Shimon, who explains that the Minchah of a sinner does not contain oil and frankincense, in order not to beautify it. Maybe, by the same token, the Kemitzah may be performed with the left hand.

4)

(a)Our Mishnah rules that - if the blood of a Korban that spills and the Kohen gathers it from the floor, it is Pasul.

(b)The Tana is speaking where the blood spilt - before Kabalas ha'Dam.

(c)The Beraisa, which Darshens the Pasuk "Velakach ha'Kohen ha'Mashi'ach mi'Dam ha'Par", interprets "Dam ha'Par" as Dam ha'Nefesh - thereby precluding blood from the skin, and the blood that trickles out (known as Dam ha'Tamtzis) after the spurting of the Dam ha'Nefesh is over.

5)

(a)The Tana also Darshens "Velakach Dam me'ha'Par" - by moving the 'Mem' from "mi'Dam" to "ha'Par" (a method which is called Gor'in u'Mosifin ve'Dorshin, which means that, under certain circumstances, it is possible to take a letter from one word and add it to another, and Darshen it accordingly.

(b)He declines to Darshen simply "mi'Dam ha'Par", 'va'Afilu Miktzas Damo', because of Rav Yehudah Amar Rav - who learns from the Pasuk "ve'es Kol Dam ha'Par Yishpoch" that one must receive all the blood from the bull's neck.

(c)We query Rav's D'rashah however, on the grounds that the Pasuk "ve'es Kol Dam ha'Par Yishpoch" is written in connection with the Shirayim (the leftovers, after the sprinkling has already taken place), and we answer that - since it is not possible to explain it with regard to the Shirayim itself, we transfer it Im Eino Inyan to Kabalas ha'Dam.

(d)It cannot pertain to the pouring out of the Shirayim itself - seeing as some of the blood has already been used for the placing of the blood on the four corners of the Mizbe'ach (and all the blood is no longer there).

6)

(a)Based on the Pasuk "Velakach mi'Dam ha'Par", Rav Yehudah Amar Shmuel requires whoever Shechts Kodshim to raise the far end of the knife upwards - to prevent the blood from dripping from the knife into the bowl (and we Darshen "mi'Dam ha'Par", 've'Lo mi'Dam ha'Par ve'Davar Acher').

(b)After Shechitas Kodshim, one cleans the knife - by wiping it on the edge of the bowl ...

(c)... which explains why Ezra referred to the bowls with which they received the blood as "Kipurei Zahav" (since Kipurei has connotations of wiping clean).

(d)When Rav Chisda Amar Rav Yirmiyah bar Aba said that the Shochet must place the blood vessels in the neck inside the bowl - he meant directly above its air-space (he cannot have meant what he said literally, because there is no way that the neck of a bull will fit inside a regular bowl.

(e)Rebbi Asi Amar Rebbi Yochanan too - rules like Rav Chisda Amar Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba.

7)

(a)Rebbi Asi asked Rebbi Yochanan whether if the bottom of the bowl fell out before the blood reached its air-space - it is considered as if it was already lying in the vessel, even though it did not ultimately do so, or not.

(b)Based on what we learned in our Mishnah (to differentiate between blood that spills directly from the bull's neck onto the floor and blood that spills from the bowl), the ramifications of the She'eilah are - whether the Kohen is now permitted to scoop up the blood from the floor of the Azarah, or not.

(c)If the bottom of the bowl falls out after the blood has reached the bowl's air-space, but before it came to rest in the bowl - it is considered as if it is already resting in the vessel.

8)

(a)Rebbi Yochanan answered with a Beraisa, which discusses a case where water is flowing down a slope via a pipe into a barrel at the bottom of the slope that was not placed there for Kidush Mei Parah - because if it had been, there would be no reason to disqualify the water for Kidush Mei Parah).

(b)The problem with the water is that - if it is considered lying in the barrel, it is no longer Mayim Chayim (spring water), and the Torah writes in Chukas (in connection with Mei Parah) "Mayim Chayim el Keli".

(c)Regarding the water that has not yet reached the level of the barrel, in a case where the barrel is ...

1. ... still a distance from the flowing water - the Tana invalidates the water for Mei Parah (because Mayim she'Sofo Lanu'ach ke'Munach Dami).

2. ... still in the pipe - he rules that it is permitted (since the water is still in the pipe, and cannot therefore be considered to be in the barrel).

(d)We explain the fact that Rebbi Asi asked about a case where the blood is not destined to rest at the bottom of the bowl (since it had fallen out), whereas Rebbi Yochanan answered him from a case where it is - by turning Rebbi Asi's She'eilah into two She'eilos. After the She'eilah that we cited, he added that, even assuming that Avir she'Ein Sofo la'Nu'ach, Ein ke'Munach Dami, what will be the Din in a case of Avir she'Sofo la'Nu'ach (and that is the She'eilah that Rebbi Yochanan answered him).

9)

(a)The current version of Rebbi Asi's She'eilah and Rebbi Yochanan's answer, is that of Rav Yosef. According to Rav Kahana, he asked him about Chavis, and he answered him from Mizrak (the bowl with which the Kohen receives the blood following the Shechitah) - from the fact that when one Shechts a Korban into the Mizrak, the blood does not just flow gently into the bowl, but squirts into different parts of it. Consequently, if Avir she'Sofo la'Nu'ach La'av ke'Munach Dami, it would not be considered straight from the bull into the bowl but from wherever it initially spurts on to (See Tosfos DH 'Zos Omeres').

(b)The Mishnah in Parah rules that, in the case of Chavis (where the water was not flowing directly into the barrel and) where, in order to divert the flowing water into it, someone places ...

1. ... his hand, his foot or vegetable leaves next to the barrel - the water is Pasul for Kidush Mei Parah.

2. ... cane leaves or the green, outer shell of a nut next to the barrel - it is Kasher ...

(c)... because whereas the former are subject to Tum'ah, the latter are not.

(d)The difference is based on Rebbi Yochanan quoting Rebbi Yossi bar Aba's interpretation of the Pasuk in Shemini "Ach Ma'ayan u'Bor Mikveh Mayim Yih'yeh Tahor" - from which he extrapolates that a Mikvah or water that is needed for Kidush, must be prepared by using only things that are Tahor.

(e)Rebbi Yochanan has now proved from this Mishnah that Avir K'li ki'Cheli Dami - because otherwise, bearing in mind that the water entered the vessel from the air, why should it be Pasul in the Reisha? Why should it be any different than touching the water when it is ten Amos away from the barrel?

10)

(a)Rebbi Chiya bar Aba tried to refute Rebbi Yochanan's proof - by suggesting that the Mishnah speaks where the water fell directly from his hand into the barrel, without falling through the air first (and we learned above, that whatever is within the walls of the vessel is definitely considered as if it is resting in the vessel).

(b)Rebbi Yochanan however, was not impressed with his Talmid's comment, and referred to him as Tarda - a hasty fool.

(c)He extrapolated from the Lashon of the Mishnah K'dei she'Ya'avru Mayim le'Chavis that - the water flowed into the barrel from a distance (and not directly).

(d)Rebbi Chiya bar Aba Amar Rebbi Yochanan cited the source of the Mishnah in Parah as Rebbi Tzadok, who testified in a Mishnah in Iduyos that - water which flows over the green, outer shell of nuts is Kasher for Mei Parah.

(e)When such a case occurred in Ohalaya - it came before the Sanhedrin in the Lishkas ha'Gazis, who ruled that it was Kasher.

11)

(a)Rebbi Zeira Amar Rebbi Yochanan learns that if a Kohen makes a notch in the ears of a bull of Kodshim before receiving its blood, it is Pasul - from the Pasuk "Velakach mi'Dam ha'Par", implying that it must be the same unblemished bull at the time of Kabalah as at the time of Shechitah.

(b)This Pasuk refers to Kodshei Kodshim - and according to Rava's initial interpretation of a Beraisa, it pertains to Kodshim Kalim as well (as we will now see).

(c)Rava cites a Beraisa which comments on the Pasuk in Bo (in connection with the Korban Pesach, which is Kodshim Kalim) "Seh Tamim Zachar ben Shanah Yih'yeh lachem". The Tana learns from "Yih'yeh" - that Tamim and ben Shanah extend to Kabalah, Holachah and Zerikah, too ...

(d)... a proof that Rebbi Yochanan's ruling pertains to Kodshim Kalim as well.

12)

(a)Abaye queries Rava however, from a Beraisa, where Rebbi Yehoshua - validates all Zevachim of which a k'Zayis of Basar or Cheilev remains at the time of the Zerikah.

(b)Bearing in mind that an animal of which only a k'Zayis Basar remains is the biggest Ba'al-Mum imaginable, this proves that - Kodshim Kalim do not need to be unblemished at the time of Kabalah, Holachah and Zerikah ...

(c)... and when the Beraisa asks be'Kabalah, be'Holachah, bi'Zerikah Minayin - it is referring to ben Shanah (which immediately precedes "Yih'yeh" in the Pasuk), but not to "Tamim".

(d)It is possible for an animal to be in its first year when it is Shechted, and one year old when its blood is taken to the Mizbe'ach and sprinkled - because, in the realm of Kodshim we reckon the years, not only from the day that it is born, but also from the time that it is born.