1)

(a)In the case in our Mishnah, when the Kohen Gadol made a second Hagralah to replace one of the goats that died, Rav holds that it is the first goat that is brought on the Mizbe'ach, and the second one that grazes - because he holds 'Ein Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin' (live animals cannot be rejected).

(b)Rebbi Yochanan says that the first goat grazes and it is the second one that goes on the Mizbe'ach - because he holds 'Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin'.

(c)The source of Rav's opinion cannot be the case of a Mechusar Zman, where the animal is rejected because it was unfit before - because there, the animal was unfit to begin with, whereas Rav is speaking about an animal that was originally fit, but became unfit only later (which is worse than an animal that was never fit).

(d)Rav's source is Kodshim that became temporarily blemished, which regain their status as Korbanos once the blemish passes (as we learn from the Pasuk in Emor "Ki Moshchasam Bahem Mum Bam"), despite the fact that they had originally been fit.

2)

(a)Rebbi Yochanan counters Rav's proof (that 'Ein Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin') from the Pasuk "Ki Moshchasam Bahem Mum Bam. He infers from the word "Bahem" that it is exclusively there that an animal that became unfit retains its status as a Korban, but not anywhere else.

(b)Rav Darshens from the word "Bahem" - that it is only Ba'alei Mumin that are on their own that are Pasul, but not when they are mixed with unblemished Korbanos (concurring with the opinion of Rebbi Eliezer).

(c)Rebbi Eliezer says - that if the limbs of an unblemished Olah became mixed up with those of a blemished one (in which case, min ha'Torah, one may bring all the limbs on the Mizbe'ach - due to Rav's Derashah from "Bahem", and it is only forbidden to do so mid'Rabanan. Consequently), if one of the heads or the legs of one of them was brought on the Mizbe'ach, one may proceed to bring all of the heads or of the legs - on the assumption that the one that was brought was from the blemished animal (as we always tend to do by Isurim d'Rabanan).

(d)According to the Rabanan, even if they had already brought all the limbs except for one, that one must be burned on the Beis ha'Sereifah.

3)

(a)Rebbi Yochanan learns Rebbi Eliezer's Din from the extra 'Hey' in "Bahem", when the Torah could just as well have written "Ki Mashchasam Bam".

(b)Rav does not learn anything from the extra 'Hey' - in his opinion, it is natural for the Torah to write "Bahem".

4)

(a)Rav holds 'Ein Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin' - therefore he brings the first goat (and not whichever one he wants), because he holds 'Mitzvah ba'Rishon'.

(b)Rav holds like Rebbi Yosi - who says that someone who re-placed his lost Pesach with another lamb, and the original one is subsequently found, he brings the original one, because 'Mitzvah ba'Rishon'.

(c)The Chachamim of Rebbi Yosi hold - that the owner may bring whichever one he wishes.

(d)Everybody agrees that, if the second lamb is more choice quality than the first, one brings it, and not the first one.

5)

(a)Rava infers from our Mishnah, which says 'Im shel Shem Mes, Zeh she'Alah Alav ha'Goral la'Hashem, Yiskayem Tachtav' - that the goat that remains alive retains its Kedushah (and is not rejected), like Rav (who holds 'Ba'alei Chayim Einan Nidachin').

(b)The Tana of the Beraisa learns from the words "Ya'amad Chai" - that the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach must initially be stood alive - but not if it has already been stood i.e. before the Sa'ir la'Hashem died (once that happens, the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach becomes Pasul - because 'Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin' , like Rebbi Yochanan).

(c)Rav agrees that Rebbi Yehudah, who says 'Nishpach ha'Dam, Yamus ha'Mishtale'ach' holds 'Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin' - when he (Rav) said 'Ein Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin', that was the opinion of the Rabanan of Rebbi Yehudah.

6)

(a)According to Rav, Rebbi Yehudah argues with the Rabanan in two points: firstly, he heard the Rabanan say that the second goat of the first pair was the one to be brought (because they hold 'Ein Ba'alei Nidachin') - and he holds 'Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin', in which case, it has to die - because, in his opinion 'Chatas Tzibur Meisah'; whereas the Rabanan hold that the second goat in the second pair grazes - because they hold 'Ein Chatas Tzibur Meisah'.

(b)We do not know how Rebbi Yochanan explains the second Machlokes between Rebbi Yehudah and the Rabanan in our Mishnah (contained in the final phrase 've'Od Amar Rebbi Yehudah ... '. That constitutes Rava's proof for Rav.

7)

(a)We can infer from the Mishnah 've'ha'Sheni Yir'eh ... she'Ein Chatas Tzibur Meisah' - that a Korban Yachid under the same circumstances would die.

(b)Rebbi and the Rabanan argue in a case where a Chatas was lost, replaced, and then found. Rebbi holds that the owner brings one of them and the other one must die; whereas according to the Rabanan, it only dies if it was found after the substitute was brought, but not if it was found between the time it was designated and brought - in which case, it grazes.

(c)The Rabanan will agree, according to Rebbi Aba Amar Rav - that if they subsequently brought the substitute, the original animal must die (even if it was found before the substitute was actually brought. The Rabanan only say that the substitute grazes - if it was the original animal that was sacrificed.

8)

(a)Rebbi Aba Amar Rav concurs with Rebbi Yochanan - who explains 'Sheni' in our Mishnah to mean the second of the first pair (i.e. the original animal that became Dachuy). That is why the Tana says that it is only because it is a Chatas Tzibur that it does not die, but had it been a Chatas Yachid, it would (like Rebbi Yochanan).

(b)According to Rav (who explains 'Sheni' to mean the second one in the second pair) -- why should it die? Certainly according to the Rabanan of Rebbi, who say that, if the lost animal was found before the substitute was brought, and they then brought the original animal, the substitute does not die, it ought not to die in this case either (since that is precisely what happened here). But even according to Rebbi, since it was not designated as a substitute for the first animal, which was still alive - but only to pair off with the second goat that was being brought as a substitute for the animal that died (see also, next question), it ought not to die.

(c)Rebbi Oshaya says about 'ha'Mafrish Shtei Chata'os l'Acherayos' - that one may bring whichever one he wished on the Mizbe'ach. Similarly, in our case, too; since, according to Rav, 'Ein Ba'alei Chayim Nidachin, it is as if the original goat and this one were both being designated, to use whichever one he wished.

(d)According to Rav, 'Mafrish Shtei Chata'os l'Acherayos' will only apply if he designated them simultaneously, but not if he designated one before the other. There, Rav holds like Rebbi Yosi, who says 'Mitzvah ba'Rishon' - and the second one is a case of 'Mafrish l'Ibud', which, according to Rebbi, is 'ke'Ibud Dami'.