1)

(a)Rav Chisda learns from the two Pesukim "v'Lakchah Shtei Sorim ... " and "v'Asah ha'Kohen Echad Chatas v'Echad Olah" - that the birds of a 'Kan' can be designated either by the owner when he first sets them aside, or by the Kohen when he actually brings them.

(b)The Beraisa states that, if not for the Pasuk "v'Asasahu Chatas", the Sa'ir la'Azazel could be designated by name from a Kal va'Chomer from the Goral. This suggests that the designation by name corresponds to the Goral - which is neither when he takes it nor when he brings it, placing a Kashya on Rav Chisda.

(c)Rava explains the Kal va'Chomer like this: If there where a Goral does not determine the birds (even at the time of taking or bringing), designating it at those times is effective, then there where the Goral is effective (not at the time of taking or bringing), designating them should certainly be effective when it is the time of taking or bringing.

2)

(a)A poor Tamei Mikdash who became rich before he designating his Olas ha'Of and Chatas ha'Of - brings a female lamb or kid-goat for a Chatas.

(b)The Beraisa says that if a poor Tamei Mikdash designated money for his birds and, after becoming wealthy, he divided the money in two, this half for his Olah and the other half, for his Chatas - he may add the Chatas-money towards the acquisition of the animal Chatas that he now has to bring, but not the Olah-money.

(c)This is a Kashya on Rav Chisda - since the designation took place neither at the time of the taking nor at the time of the bringing, in which case the money for the Olah would not have the Kedushah of an Olah. So why should he not be permitted to now use even that money for his Chatas?

(d)The Beraisa is anyway unacceptable as it stands - because Rebbi Elazar quoting Rebbi Hoshaya, has already said that a rich man Tamei Mikdash who brings the Korban of a poor one, has not fulfilled his duty - that being the case, the designation that he made, is anyway meaningless.

3)

(a)We therefore amend the Beraisa to read, not 'v'He'eshir, v'Achar-Kach Amar ... ', but v'Amar ... v'Achar-Kach He'eshir'.

(b)Rav Chisda will amend it still further, and read 've'Amar b'Sha'as Hafrashah - Eilu l'Chataso ... '.

(c)Rav Chaga Amar Rebbi Yashiyah does not require the initial amendment, seeing as he holds that a rich Tamei Mikdash who brought the Korban of a poor man is Yotzei. Therefore, there is no room for the second amendment.

4)

(a)According to Rav Chaga Amar Rebbi Yashiyah, we try to amend the Beraisa from 'Amar Eilu l'Chatasi' to 'Lakach v'Amar Eilu l'Chatasi'. The problem with that is that if he wished to use the bird that he already designated for a Chatas Behemah, he would need to redeem it - and a bird cannot be redeemed.

(b)Pidyon applies only to animals - but not to birds, frankincense or Klei Shares.

(c)We answer that he only used half the money to purchase one of the two birds , and it is the other half of the money that now goes towards his Chatas Behemah. If the bird that he purchased was ...

1. ... an Olah - it would go for Nedavah.

2. ... a Chatas - it must die.

5)

(a)Even Rav Chaga, who holds that a rich Tamei Mikdash who brought the Korban of a poor Tamei Mikdash is Yotzei, will agree that a rich Metzora who brought the Korban of a poor one will not be Yotzei - because the Torah writes (in connection with the purification ceremony of a Metzora) "Zos Tiheye Toras ha'Metzora", implying that no changes may be made.

(b)Nevertheless, a poor Metzora who brings the Korban of a rich one is Yotzei - because the Torah also inserted the word "Toras", which comes to include.

(c)Rav Chaga learns from the Pasuk "v'Im Dal Hu" - that it is only by Metzora, that a rich man who brings a poor man's Korban is not Yotzei, but not by other cases of a Korban Oleh v'Yored (such as a Tamei Mikdash).

6)

(a)The Kohen Gadol then tied the red piece of wool on the head of the goat.

(b)During the Kohen Gadol's second confession, the goat stood at the gate through which it would later be taken out.

(c)The second confession covered also the Kohanim who were not members of his family.

(d)He added the Pasuk "Ki ba'Yom ha'Zeh Yechaper Aleichem ... " to both Viduyim.

7)

(a)'ul'Nishchat Keneged Beis Shechitaso' in our Mishnah refers to the Sa'ir la'Hashem.

(b)The Beraisa of Rav Yosef says that they would tie the thread on to the head of the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach and stand it ... and the Sa'ir la'Hashem by the place where it was Shechted, so as to confuse neither the two goats with each other, nor the Sa'ir la'Hashem with other goats.

(c)'ul'Nishchat Keneged Beis Shechitaso' - either means that he stood the Sa'ir la'Hashem in the location in the Azarah where it would be Shechted, or that he tied the red piece of wool on the place on its neck where it would soon be Shechted.

(d)If the Tana was referring to the standing of the goat in the location in the Azarah where it would be Shechted, then how would standing it there avoid confusion with other animals. He must therefore be referring to tying the red piece of wool on the place on its neck where it would soon be Shechted - in which case he would avoid confusing it with the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach by tying the thread to the neck and not to its head (like he did with the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach); and he would avoid confusing it with other animals, which did not have anything tied around their necks.

8)

(a)Rav Yitzchak was not sure whether it was the red thread of the Parah Adumah or that of the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach, that needed a Shi'ur. Rav Yosef took it for granted that it must be that of the Sa'ir - because the wool of the Sa'ir had to be divided into two (as we shall see later on Daf 67a - the piece of wool that was tied to the Sa'ir la'Hashem was not part of the same piece), whereas that of the Parah Adumah did not.

(b)Rami bar Chama countered that it might just as well be that of the Parah that requires a Shi'ur - because it needed to be more weighty than that of the Sa'ir la'Azazel, since the Torah says "el Toch Serefas ha'Parah".

(c)Abaye brought a proof that it must be the piece of wool used for the Parah that required a measurement from the Beraisa 'Korchan bi'Sheyarei Lashon' (implying that there was more wool from which this piece came). But we counter this by amending the Beraisa to 'Korchan bi'Znav Lashon' (meaning that he tied it with a piece of wool that was combed into the shape of a tail).

9)

(a)We reconcile Rav Chanin Amar Rav (who says that if the piece of cedar-wood or the red thread of the Parah Adumah got burned in the air from the heat of the burning cow, they are Kasher) with the Beraisa, which rules that they must bring a replacement - by establishing Rav Chanin Amar Rav by a low flame, where the wool fell close to the fire before bursting into flames, and the Beraisa by a high flame, where it got burnt in mid-air.

10)

(a)According to Rebbi, the Torah requires the hyssop and the cedar-wood to be tied with the red piece of wool so that they should all burn together. Rebbi Elazar b'Rebbi Shimon gives the reason for that - because the Torah requires that the wool falls into the fire as we explained above (and this is the Machlokes Tana'im to which Rava refers, when he says 'Koved Tana'i Hi').

11)

(a)According to Rav Dimi quoting Rebbi Yochanan, there were three pieces of wool:

1. That of the Parah Adumah weighed ten Zuz - because it needed to be heavy (as we explained earlier).

2. That of the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach weigh two Sela (i.e. eight Zuz) - because it needed to be divided into two.

(b)The piece of wool that was needed for the purification ceremony of the Metzora weighed one Shekel (two Zuzim).