Yoma Chart #7
Chart for Yoma Daf 30b
TEVILAH UPON ENTERING THE AZARAH IN THE MORNING (1)
| (A) THE OBLIGATION OF THE TEVILAH |
(B) THE REASON FOR THE TEVILAH |
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| 1 | BEN ZOMA | mid'Oraisa | Kal v'Chomer from the Tevilah of the Kohen Gadol when he changes from Bigdei Kodesh to other Bigdei Kodesh |
| 2 | REBBI YEHUDAH | mid'Rabanan | "Serach Tevilah" (2) |
| 3 | RABANAN (OF THE MISHNAH IN MIDOS REGARDING THE LISHKAH OF THE METZORA'IM) |
no Chiyuv (3) except for a Metzora on his eighth day |
because he is Tahor |
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FOOTNOTES:
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(1) This does not mean only in the morning. Rather, it means whenever one enters the Azarah for the first time that day. Also, he does not necessarily have to enter to perform an Avodah; entering for any reason warrants Tevilah (TOSFOS 30a, DH Ein). However, the TOSFOS YESHANIM (30a, DH Amar Rav Nachman) maintains that Tevilah is only required when one enters to do an act which is at least like an Avodah (such as performing Semichah and Tenufah, and a Metzora who puts his hands into the Azarah in order for the Dam to be sprinkled on his thumbs). [He also cites the opinion of RABEINU YOSEF who says that Tevilah is only required when one enters to do an actual Avodah -- although he agrees that one who enters even to do an Avodah which a Zar may perform, such as Shechitah, requires Tevilah.]
(2) This means that we are concerned that he might have become Tamei by touching a Sheretz or a Tamei Meis and he does not remember, and by requiring him to do Tevilah he will remember that he was Tamei and he now is a Tevul Yom and will refrain from doing the Avodah. The practical consequence of this reason is if he did Tevilah the evening before (before Sheki'ah), he does not have to do another Tevilah in the morning, since he is certainly Tahor from all Tum'ah as a result of his Tevilah (we do not suspect that he became Tamei by touching a Meis and he requires Haza'as Shlishi v'Shevi'i).
(3) This is because the Metzora is accustomed to being Tamei and touching Tamei items ("Dayish b'Tum'ah"), and this Tevilah reminds him that he must stay away from Tamei items. The LECHEM MISHNAH (Hilchos Mechusrei Kaparah 4:1) and other Acharonim understand that a person who is not a Metzora needs no Tevilah at all (and these Rabanan argue with the Tana of our Mishnah). However, the CHAFETZ CHAIM (Zevach Todah) writes that these Rabanan certainly require Tevilah even for someone who is not a Metzora; they maintain, though, that the Tevilah the night before suffices. The only difference between the Rabanan and Rebbi Yehudah, according to the Chafetz Chaim, is that the Rabanan hold that a Metzora needs another Tevilah in the morning of the eighth day even though he was Tovel the prior evening, and Rebbi Yehudah holds that he needs no additional Tevilah in the morning. (However, it is not clear how he will explain the second and third answers of the Gemara concerning the Mishnah in Midos, which clearly imply that while Rebbi Yehudah requires a normal person to be Tovel, the Rabanan exempt him completely, even though the case must be that he was not Tovel the evening before -- since Rebbi Yehudah requires him to be Tovel now, in the morning.)