(Mishnah): If Reuven offered another animal in place of his Chatas (which he lost, and later it was found), the first Chatas must die;

If another Chatas was offered in place of a (lost) Chatas Tzibur, the first Chatas need not die;

R. Yehudah says, Tamus (it must die).

R. Shimon says of the five Chata'os that must die (a tradition from Moshe from Sinai teaches this), three of them apply only to individuals - Vlad Chatas (the Tzibur brings only males), Temuras Chatas (Korbanos Tzibur cannot make Temurah), and a Chatas whose owners died (the Tzibur never dies);

(The other two can apply to the Tzibur, i.e. she'Kipru Ba'aleha (another Chatas was brought in place of it) or it was not offered within its first year.)

Likewise, the law of "Tamus" of the other two applies only to individuals.

(Gemara - Beraisa) Question: What do we learn from "Chatas Yavi"?

Answer - Question: What is the source that if a Chatas was lost and another was Hukdash to replace it, and later the first was found, that one may offer either of them?

Answer: "Chatas Yavi".

Suggestion: Perhaps he may offer both of them!

Rejection: "Yevi'enah" teaches that he brings it (one), and not two.

Question: What do we do with the other?

Answer (Rav Hamnuna - Beraisa - R. Yehudah): It is Ro'eh (grazes until it gets a Mum. It is redeemed, and the money is used to bring Olos);

R. Shimon says, Tamus.

Question: In our Mishnah, R. Yehudah said Tamus!

Answer #1 The opinions (in the Beraisa) must be switched. R. Yehudah says Tamus, and R. Shimon says Ro'eh.

Objection: In our Mishnah, R. Shimon agrees that it is one of the five (Chata'os Yachid) that must die!

Answer #2: We need not switch the opinions. R. Yehudah says Tamus only if another Chatas was already offered before the first was found.

Answer #3: Also in the Mishnah, R. Yehudah discusses when another Chatas was already Hukdash, even if it was not offered yet;

(Tana'im argue about this.) In our Mishnah he teaches according to Rebbi's opinion. In the Beraisa he teaches according to Chachamim's opinion.

Question: Surely, no one says that Chatas Tzibur she'Kipru Ba'aleha must die!

(Beraisa - R. Yosi): Similarly, (just like the Par Chatas brought on behalf of the Leviyim was not eaten, "those who returned from exile in Bavel) Hikrivu Olos... Parim Sheneim Asar... Tzefirei Chatas Sheneim Asar ha'Kol Olah".

Interjection: The 12 Chata'os were not Olos!

Answer (Rava): These Chata'os were called Olos because they were not eaten, just like Olos.

R. Yosi: The Chata'os were brought for idolatry.

(Rav Yehudah): The idolatry was done in the days of Tzidkiyahu (at the end of Bayis Rishon).

We are thinking that according to the opinion that Chatas Tzibur she'Kipru Ba'aleha must die, the same applies to Chatas Tzibur she'Mesu Ba'aleha.

Summation of question: The Tzibur had died, yet their Chata'os were offered!

Answer #1 (Rav Papa): Even the opinion that Chatas Tzibur she'Kipru Ba'aleha must die, agrees that Chatas Tzibur she'Mesu Ba'aleha need not die, for the Tzibur never dies.

Question: What is his source?

Suggestion: He learns from "Tachas Avosecha Yihyeh Vanecha" (it is as if the fathers are alive).

Rejection: If so, the same should apply to an individual (but all agree that Chatas Yachid she'Mesu Ba'aleha must die)!

Answer: He learns from Chata'os Tzibur brought on festivals and Rosh Chodesh. They are bought from Terumas ha'Lishkah. We are not concerned lest some of the "owners" (who gave the half-Shekalim) died!

Answer #2: The Chata'os were on behalf of the living (returning exiles who had sinned during Bayis Rishon) - "v'Rabim... Asher Ra'u Es ha'Bayis ha'Rishon Bochim b'Kol Gadol v'Rabim bi'Seru'ah".

Question: Perhaps they were the minority (of the Tzibur that returned)!

Rejection: "V'Ein ha'Am Makirim Kol Teru'as ha'Simchah l'Kol Bechi ha'Am". (Only people who were now at least 83 (were at least 13 at the time of the Churban) were owners of the Korban. Presumably, some of those crying were between 70 and 83. Perhaps those above 83 were the minority! Perhaps a great majority was needed to drown out the sound of the Shofar, and those who were minors at the time of the Churban would not be crying so much, so presumably those above 83 were the majority. Why does it depend only on those who returned? Perhaps the Gemara did not ask, because in any case we conclude that it was a Hora'as Sha'ah, i.e. a special temporary ruling.)

Objection: The idolatry was b'Mezid. Why were Korbanos brought for it?!

Answer (R. Yochanan): It was a Hora'as Sha'ah (a special decree).

Support: We could explain that the 12 bulls and 12 goats were due to idolatry. How could we explain the (98 rams and) 77 lambs?

Conclusion: We must say that it was a Hora'as Sha'ah.

(Mishnah): Yosi ben Yo'ezer and Yosi ben Yochanan were the last "Eshkolos", i.e. ISH sheha'KOL Bo" (one who has Torah, Yir'as Chet and Chesed).

(Rav Yehudah): All the Eshkolos from Moshe until the death of Yosi ben Yo'ezer learned Torah like Moshe (flawlessly), but not afterwards.

Question: Rav Yehudah taught that 3000 Halachos were forgotten during the mourning over Moshe's death!

Answer: The Torah that they remembered, they learned like Moshe.

Question (Beraisa): After Moshe died, Halachah was decided by majority rule.

Answer: After people declined in Chachmah, they decided forgotten Halachos according to the majority. What they remembered, they learned like Moshe.

(Beraisa #1): There was no Dofi (sin) in the Eshkolos from Moshe until the death of Yosi ben Yo'ezer. Afterwards, there was Dofi.

Contradiction (Beraisa #2): A case occurred in which a Chasid was groaning. Doctors said that to be cured he must suckle milk every morning. They brought a goat and tied it to his bed. He suckled every morning.

One day his friends came and saw the goat. They were outraged (because goats eat others' property), and left his house.

They could not find another thing he had done wrong. He himself, as he was dying, confessed that his only transgression was disobeying the decree.

Every episode about a Chasid refers to R. Yehudah ben Bava or R. Yehudah bar Ilai, who were long after Yosi ben Yo'ezer!