(a)The Tana Kama discusses someone who goes to the potter to purchase an earthenware vessel for the Chatas (the Parah [see Tiferes Yisrael and Mishnah Achronah]). What sort of person is he talking about?
(b)What is the first thing he must do?
(c)What does the Tana mean when he says ve'Lan al ha'Kivshan?
1)
(a)The Tana Kama discusses someone - a Chaver (probably a Kohen), who goes to the potter to purchase an earthenware vessel for the Chatas (the Parah [see Tiferes Yisrael and Mishnah Achronah]).
(b)The first thing he does is - Tovel (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)ve'Lan al ha'Kivshan means that - he begins to guard the vessels that he will purchase by staying overnight beside the furnace containing as yet unfinished vessels, to make sure that no Am ha'Aretz touches them before Tziruf (their completion [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
2)
(a)R. Yehudah disagrees with the Tana Kama. What does he say about people who deal with the Chatas?
(b)What prompts him to be so lenient in these issues? What is he worried might otherwise happen?
(c)In which other area of Kodshim do we find this leniency?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
2)
(a)According to R. Yehudah - anyone who deals with the Parah is believed when he says that he guarded vessels from Tum'ah on its behalf. Consequently, even an Am ha'Aretz is permitted to bring earthenware vessels for the Chatas from his house ...
(b)... because if Amei ha'Aretz are not believed, he is afraid that - they will go and build Bamos for themselves (they will bring their own cows).
(c)We also find this leniency - with regard to an Am ha'Aretz guarding wine for Nesahcim and oil for Menachos from Tum'ah (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)The Halachah is - like R. Yehudah.
3)
(a)In which way is the Tana more lenient with regard to a Kohen who goes to purchase earthenware vessels in which to place his Terumah?
(b)Why is he not afraid that an Am ha'Aretz might have touched them after their completion in the furnace?
(c)In that case, why does he not apply the same reasoning in the case of Chatas?
3)
(a)The Tana is more lenient with regard to a Kohen who goes to purchase earthenware vessels in which to place his Terumah - in that he permits him to open the furnace without having previously guarded it.
(b)He is not afraid that an Am ha'Aretz might have touched them after their completion in the furnace - because the layer of soot on the surface is testimony that an Am ha'Aretz did not open the oven first (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)He does not apply the same reasoning in the case of Chatas is - because of Chumra de'Chatas.
4)
(a)On what condition does R. Shimon permit a Chaver Kohen to purchase earthenware vessels, even assuming that the owner (who is an Am ha'Aretz) already opened the door of the furnace to take some out?
(b)R. Yossi is more stringent than R. Shimon. What does he say?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
4)
(a)R. Shimon permits a Chaver Kohen to purchase earthenware vessels, even assuming that the owner (who is an Am ha'Aretz) already opened the door of the furnace to take some out - provided he takes from the second row (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)R. Yossi - requires the Kohen to take from the third row (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)The Halachah is - like neither Tana. Should the Chaver Kohen find the door of the furnace open, he is permitted to take even from the front row (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 2
5)
(a)What distinction does the Tana draw between a vessel that one Tovels for a Chatas in water that is not fit for Kidush (to pour the ashes into them) and water that is?
(b)What sort of vessel is he talking about?
(c)In which case must one dry both vessels?
(d)Why is that? What happens if the two waters do mix?
5)
(a)The Tana rules - a vessel that one Tovels for a Chatas in water that is not fit for Kidush (to pour the ashes into them) must be dried before filling them with water, but not if it is Toveled in water that is.
(b)He is talking about - K'lei Shetef (vessels that are not made of earthenware).
(c)One must dry both vessels however - if the K'li is meant to hold the Mei Chatas after the ashes have already been poured into them (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...
(d)... so that water that is not Mekudash should not mix with water that is, and we will learn later that - water falls into the Mei Chatas renders it Pasul.
Mishnah 3
6)
(a)What does the Mishnah rule with regard to a fresh pumpkin that has been Toveled to use for a Chatas in water that is not fit for a Chatas?
(b)Why does such a pumpkin, which has not yet become Tamei, require Tevilah in the first place?
(c)The Tana goes on to disqualify the same pumpkin once it has become Tamei, even after it has been Toveled and has dried. Why is that? What is he afraid might happen?
6)
(a)The Mishnah rules that a fresh pumpkin that has been Toveled to use for a Chatas in water which is not fit for a Chatas - may be used to be Mekadesh the Mei Chatas.
(b)Such a pumpkin, which has not yet become Tamei, requires Tevilah - because of Chumra de'Chatas (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)The Tana goes on to disqualify the same pumpkin once it has become Tamei, even after it has been Toveled and has dried - in case it exudes the water that it absorbed during the Tevilah.
7)
(a)R. Yehoshua disagrees on principle. Which principle?
(b)What does he therefore say?
(c)How else might one interpret the Seifa of the Mishnah Bein Kach u'Vein Kach, Lo Yosif le'Tochah Mayim Mekudashim (see Tos. Yom-Tov)?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
7)
(a)R. Yehoshua disagrees on principle. In his opinion - either one can use a pumpkin or one can't. There is no reason to make a compromise.
(b)He therefore forbids using a pumpkin - whether it became Tamei or not (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)Alternatively, one might interpret the Seifa of the Mishnah Bein Kach u'Vein Kach, Lo Yosif le'Tochah Mayim Mekudashim as the words of the Tana Kama, who is conceding that one is not permitted to add water to the Mei Chatas in a pumpkin that did not become Tamei (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 4
8)
(a)The Mishnah discusses a tube that one cuts for a Chatas. What function will it serve?
(b)R. Eliezer requires its immediate Tevilah. What if it is cut by a Chaver?
(c)Why do all Keilim that are manufactured al Taharas ha'Kodesh require immediate Tevilah?
(d)In that case, why does R. Eliezer not also necessitate being Metamei the tube? How will people know that specifically the Parah is being prepared in a state of T'vul-Yom (and that the tube is not meant for other Kodshim)?
8)
(a)The Mishnah discusses a tube (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Shefoferes' & 'le'Chatas') that one cuts for a Chatas - to hold either the water or the ashes.
(b)R. Eliezer requires its immediate Tevilah - even if it is cut by a Chaver.
(c)All Keilim that are manufactured al Taharas ha'Kodesh require immediate Tevilah - in case the manufacturer inadvertently spits on them, and the spittle remains until the vessels are completed, rendering them Tamei.
(d)Nevertheless, R. Eliezer does not also necessitate being Metamei the tube. The Tzedokim will know that specifically the Parah is being prepared in a state of T'vul-Yom (and that the tube is not meant for other Kodshim) - because unlike Keilim of other Kodshim (which have the status of a Rishon (to be Metamei food and drink only), Keilim of Parah have the status of a Tamei Meis, and are Metamei Adam and Keilim, too. Yet they do not require Ha'arev-Shemesh (see Tos. Yom-Tov)! A proof that Parah does not need it either.
9)
(a)What does R. Yehoshua say?
(b)On what grounds does he dispute R. Eliezer's reasoning?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
9)
(a)R. Yehoshua - requires being Metamei the tube prior to Toveling it.
(b)He disputes R. Eliezer's reasoning - because in his opinion, that is not a sufficiently clear Heker (recognition) (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)The Halachah is - like R. Yehoshua.
10)
(a)Which three people does the Tana Kama disqualify from being Mekadesh the Mei Chatas?
(b)How does he learn from the Pasuk "ve'Asaf Ish Tahor eis Eifer ha'Parah ve'Hini'ach mi'Chutz la'Machaneh" that gathering the ashes can ...
1. ... be performed by a woman?
2. ... not be performed by a Chashu.
(c)What does the Tana learn from "Ish"?
(d)How do we know that the same applies to Kidush?
10)
(a)The three people the Tana Kama disqualifies from being Mekadesh the Mei Chatas (see Tiferes Yisrael) are - Cheresh, Shoteh and Katan (Chashu).
(b)He learns (from the Pasuk "ve'Asaf Ish Tahor es Eifer ha'Parah ve'Hini'ach mi'Chutz la'Machaneh") - that gathering the ashes can ...
1. ... be performed by a woman - from the word Tahor.
2. ... not be performed by a Chashu - from the word "ve'Hini'ach".
(c)Whereas the word "Ish" - comes to include a Zar (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)We know that the same applies to Kidush - because it is written immediately after Asifas Afrah.
11)
(a)What does R. Yehudah learn from the fact that the Torah changes from the singular ("ve'Asaf") to the plural ("ve'Lakchu" [in connection with the Kidush])?
(b)Which of the above (that the Tana Kama invalidated, does this come to include?
(c)And what does he learn from the word "ve'Nasan"?
11)
(a)R. Yehudah learns from the fact that the Torah changes from the singular ("ve'Asaf") to the plural ("ve'Lakchu" [in connection with the Kidush]) that - even those who are not eligible to perform the Asifah are eligible to perform the Kidush ...
(b)... by which he comes to include a Katan (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)Whereas from the word "ve'Nasan" he precludes - a woman (Tos. Yom-Tov) and an Androginus (someone who is bi-sexual [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
Mishnah 5
12)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about using vessels other than stone ones for Kidush Mei Chatas? What sort of vessels is the Tana referring to?
(b)What do we learn from the Pasuk "ve'Nasan alav Mayim Chayim el Keli" (and not 'ha'Keli')?
(c)The Mishnah adds va'Afilu bi'K'lei Gelalim ... Avanim ... Adamah ... Sefinah (see Tos. Yom-Tov). What are K'lei Gelalim?
(d)What is the significance of the items in this list? What do they all have in common?
12)
(a)The Mishnah permits using vessels other than stone ones - (vessels of wood, bone or glass) for Kidush Mei Chatas (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)We learn from the Pasuk "ve'Nasan alav Mayim Chayim el Keli" (and not 'ha'Keli') that - whatever is classified as a K'li is Kasher for Kidush Mei Chatas (even though it is not subject to Tum'ah).
(c)The Mishnah adds va'Afilu bi'K'lei Gelalim - vessels made of animal dung (some say marble vessels)Avanim ... Adamah ... Sefinah (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)All the items in this list - are not subject to Tum'ah, even mi'de'Rabbanan.
13)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about using the walls of a vessel for Kidush?
(b)The Tana also disqualifies Shulei Machatz and the lid of a barrel. What is Shulei Machatz?
(c)What is the final item this list?
(d)On what basis are all of these things not eligible for Kidush?
(e)Which two other Avodos (in connection with the Parah) does the Tana include in the prohibition)?
13)
(a)The Mishnah - forbids using the walls of a vessel for Kidush.
(b)The Tana also disqualifies Shulei Machatz - an indentation at one end of a large earthenware vessel which is used as a handle and the lid of a barrel.
(c)The final item in this list is - the palms of one's hands.
(d)All of these things are not eligible for Kidush - because they do not classify as Keilim.
(e)The two other Avodos (in connection with the Parah) that the Tana includes in the prohibition) are - Miluy (Mayim) and Haza'ah.
14)
(a)The Tana switches to the Din of Ohel ha'Meis. To what is the Din of saving from Tum'ah via a sealed lid restricted?
(b)What other Halachah is restricted to Keilim?
(c)What does the Tana mean when he says *she*'Ein Matzilim ... ? What ought he to have said?
14)
(a)The Tana switches to the Din of Ohel ha'Meis. The Din of saving from Tum'ah via a sealed lid is restricted to Keilim (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...
(b)... and the same applies to what is saved from Tum'ah by being inside a K'li Cheres with a sealed Tzamid Pasil.
(c)When the Tana says she'Ein Matzilim ... - it is as if he said ve'Ein Matzilin (like we find in Beitzah where the Mishnah says she'Eifer Muchan Hu, instead of ve'Eifer Muchan Hu' [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
Mishnah 6
15)
(a)The Tana Kama validates Beitzas ha'Yotzrim for Kidush Mei Chatas. What is Beitzas ha'Yotzrim?
(b)What does R. Yossi say?
(c)What is his reason?
(d)What is the Halachah?
15)
(a)The Tana Kama validates Beitzas ha'Yotzrim - the clay egg from which the potter forms his pots for Kidush Mei Chatas.
(b)R. Yossi - invalidates it ...
(c)... because he does not classify it as a K'li.
(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
16)
(a)R. Meir and R. Yehudah also validate an egg. Which egg?
(b)How is it possible to use an egg as a K'li?
(c)What do the Chachamim say?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
16)
(a)R. Meir and R. Yehudah validate - a chicken's egg (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)It is possible to use an egg as a K'li - because they are referring to the shell.
(c)The Chachamim - invalidate it.
(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim
Mishnah 7
17)
(a)The Mishnah forbids filling Mei Chatas from a stone trough that has been carved into a rock (see Tiferes Yisrael). What sort of rock is the Tana referring to?
(b)And what does he say about being Mekadesh the Mei Chatas in it or sprinkling a Tamei person from it.
(c)Neither does it require Tzamid Pasil, nor does it invalidate a Mikvah. What does he mean by ...
1. ... ve'Einah Tzerichah Tzamid Pasil?
2. ... ve'Einah Poseles es ha'Mikvah?
17)
(a)The Mishnah forbids filling Mei Chatas from a stone trough that has been carved into a rock (see Tiferes Yisrael) - that is attached to the ground.
(b)The Tana - declares it Pasul from being Mekadesh the Mei Chatas in it or from sprinkling a Tamei person from it.
(c)When he says ...
1. ... ve'Einah Tzerichah Tzamid Pasil, he means that - it saves any Keilim that are inside it from Tum'ah be'Ohel ha'Meis as long as it is covered, even though the cover is not sealed.
2. ... ve'Einah Poseles es ha'Mikvah, he means that - water that it contains is not considered Mayim She'uvim (drawn water), which would invalidate an incomplete Mikvah.
18)
(a)What common reason do all the above rulings share?
(b)That being the case, on what condition will the rock be considered a K'li in all the above regards?
18)
(a)The reason for all the above rulings is that - whatever is originally carved into what is attached to the ground is not considered a K'li.
(b)That being the case, the rock will be considered a K'li in all the above regards - if it is carved out before it is attached to the ground.
19)
(a)What is the status of water regarding Mei Chatas, if the latter springs a leak, which one stops up with a cloth, assuming the hole is in ...
1. ... the base of the trough?
2. ... the side of the trough?
(b)What does the MIshnah mean when it gives the reason for the first ruling as Mipnei she'Einan Aguling K'li?
(c)What is the basis for the distinction between the two rulings?
19)
(a)If the latter springs a leak, which one stops up with a cloth, assuming the hole is in ...
1. ... the base of the trough - it will be Pasul for Miluy and Haza'ah (of the Mei Chatas).
2. ... the side of the trough - it will be Kasher.
(b)When the Mishnah gives the reason for the first ruling as 'Mipmei she'Einan Aguling K'li', it means that - the K'li does not entirely surround the water.
(c)The basis for the distinction between the two rulings is that - a cloth that stops up a hole in the side of a vessel does not negate its status of Kli (see Tos. Yom-Tov), whereas in the base of the vessel, it does.
20)
(a)On what condition is a stone trough to which one adds an earthenware rim not eligible for Mei Chatas? How much water must there be in the trough?
(b)What is the criterion that will render the same trough containing the same amount of water, Kasher (see Tiferes Yisrael)?
20)
(a)A stone trough to which one adds an earthenware rim is not eligible for Mei Chatas - if the water reaches the rim and extends into its space.
(b)The same trough containing the same amount of water will be Kasher however - if the rim is so firmly attached that, if one were to pick it up by the rim, the K'li would come with it (and not break off [Tiferes Yisrael]).
Mishnah 8
21)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a detached stone (see Tos. Yom-Tov) into which two troughs have been carved, both of which contain Mei Chatas water. What is the Din regarding the water in the second trough, if someone poured ashes from the Parah into one of them?
(b)How large will a hole joining the two need to be to enable the water in the second trough to retain its status?
(c)On what other condition will the same ruling apply?
21)
(a)The Mishnah now discusses a detached stone (see Tos. Yom-Tov) into which two troughs have been carved, both of which contain Mei Chatas water. If someone poured ashes from the Parah into one of them - the water in the second one automatically loses its status.
(b)To enable the water in the second trough to retain its status, the hole joining the two will needs to be - the size of the tube of a bottle (large enough to allow one's fore and middle fingers to swivel round inside it.
(c)The same ruling will apply - if the adjoining wall is lower than the outer one, to the extent that the same amount of water combines the water in the two troughs.
Mishnah 9
22)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about the water that is in between ...
1. ... two stones, each of which contains Mei Chatas?
2. ... two parts of a stone trough that has split in the middle?
(b)On what condition will the water that is in between them be Kadosh?
(c)What is Gipsis?
(d)How firm must the reinforcement be?
22)
(a)The Mishnah declares the water that is in between ...
1. ... two stones, each of which contains Mei Chatas - not Kadosh, and the same applies to where the water is in between ...
2. ... two parts of a stone trough that has split in the middle (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)The water that is in between them will be Kadosh however - if one reinforces the split with lime (plaster) or Gipsis ...
(c)... a very white kind of lime) ...
(d)The reinforcement be sufficiently strong that - if one picks up one of the stones the other one will come up with it.
