1)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if one takes a Beged of three by three Etzba'os that one takes and transforms into ...

1. ... stuffing for a ball or into ...

2. ... a ball (see Tos. Yom-Tov) is Tahor.

(b)A Beged of three by three Tefachim however - is subject to Tum'ah in the former case, though it too, is Tahor in the latter ...

(c)... because the stitches reduce it to less than the Shi'ur.

2)

(a)R. Eliezer declares subject to Tumah a Beged of less than three by three Tefachim that one has prepared to stop up a hole in the bathhouse - to prevent the heat from escaping.

(b)He also rules that a Beged that one prepared to pour from a pot (which is otherwise too hot to hold) or to wipe millstones clean - remains subject to Tum'ah.

(c)R. Yehoshua declares it Tahor.

3)

(a)The current Machlokes applies 'bein Muchan bein she'Eino Muchan'. They both agree, in the event that the owner subsequently ...

1. ... places the Beged in a box - it is subject to Tum'ah.

2. ... throws it away (in the trash-heap) - it is Tahor.

(b)In that case ...

1. ... Muchan means that - he hung it on a pole, and ...

2. ... Eino Muchan - behind the door.

(c)R. Akiva rules - min ha'Muchan (is akin to putting it in a box and is therefore) Tamei; she'Eino min ha'Muchan (is like throwing it away and is therefore) Tahor.

(d)His opinion is irrelevant - because he retracted in favor of R. Yehoshua.

(e)The Halachah is - like R. Yehoshua.

4)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, Ispelanis (a salve) is Tahor, whether it is smeared on to a cloth or a piece of leather. It might comprise - fat, wax, butter and oil.

(b)It is Tahor - because it renders the cloth or the leather disgusting, unfit to sit on.

(c)R. Yossi rules - that on the leather, it is Tahor (implying that on the cloth it is Tamei [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

5)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, the Halachah regarding Melugma is the exact opposite of R. Yossi's ruling on Ispelanis - Tahor on a cloth, but subject to Tum'ah on a piece of leather.

(b)Melugma comprises flour and figs, and the like.

(c)The root of 'Melugma' is - 'M'lo Lugma' (a cheek-full), since one chews them before application.

(d)The Tana Kama's reason for this ruling is - because it is not so disgusting when placed on leather, and is therefore still fit to sit on.

(e)R. Shimon ben Gamliel declares Melugma on a Beged, Tamei - because once the salve dries, it slips off.

6)

(a)Beis Shamai declares Tamei both colored and plain Sefarim-cloths - because people tend to put them to their personal use as well.

(b)According to Beis-Hillel - colored Sefarim-cloths are Tahor (because it is obvious that they do not intend to use them in any other way), but not plain ones (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)R. Gamliel - declares them both Tahor, because, having designated them as Sefarim-cloths, that is their status.

(d)The Halachah is - like Beis Hillel.

7)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a woman's hat that is Tamei Midras - due to the fact that she sometimes uses it to sit on.

(b)The Tana declares it Tahor from Midras - in the event that she designates it to cover a Seifer, and actually binds it with it ...

(c)... though it remains subject to Tum'as Meis (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).

8)

(a)A Tamei Midras leather flask that one begins to use as a mat or vice-versa - is Tahor (see Tiferes Yisrael 33) ...

(b)... even with no preparation other than designation (see also Tiferes Yisrael 32) ...

(c)... because - due to its complete lack of function, it is considered as if it had broken.

(d)From now on however - it is subject to Tum'ah.

9)

(a)By the same token, the Tana rules - that ...

1. ... a leather flask that one begins to use as a satchel or vice-versa - is Tahor, as is ...

2. ... a soft mattress that one begins to use as a blanket or vice-versa, and ...

3. ... a pillow that one begins to use as a towel or vice-versa ...

(b)... due to the principle - (Kol she'Shineihu) le'Shem Acher, Tahor, and all of these cases are considered le'Sheim Acher.

(c)The Tana needs to mention all these cases - to teach us that whatever one changes from one sort of Tamei Midras to another, from a K'li Pashut to a K'li Kibul (or vice-versa) or from one sort of K'li Kibul to another falls under the category of le'Shem Acher.

(d)Despite the fact that the ruling in the latter three cases is equivalent to the ruling in the first one, the Tana did not include them all in one list, and conclude with the word Tahor - because then, bearing in mind that the first two cases both begin with a leather flask, he would have had to incorporate the second case into the first, and say 'Cheimes she'As'ah Sheti'ach O Turmal', and he preferred to present all four cases independently.

10)

(a)In the other half of the K'lal 'Kol she'Shineihu li'Shemo' - the Tana incorporates a K'li Pashut that one changes into another sort of K'li Pashut.

(b)Others change the text in the Mishnah - so that the ruling in the last three cases reads Tamei (instead of Tahor [see Tos. Yom-Tov). Note, that even according to the first text (which is based on a Tosefta, all the cases are Tamei should they be made of cloth (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

11)

(a)A patch of three by three Tefachim that is Tamei Midras and that has been attached to a box - becomes part of the box as a result of which it loses its Tum'ah.

(b)The status of the box is - Maga Midras.

(c)In fact, this case is equivalent to a box which touched a Moshav ha'Zav and then separated from it. As long as the two are actually touching, we learned in Zavin 'Metamei Shenayim u'Posel Echad', which means - that it is an Av ha'Tum'ah (as far as being Metamei food is concerned), to make a Rishon, which makes a Sheini be'Chulin, which makes a Shelishi in Terumah.

(d)Once they have separated however - the Mishnah rules 'Metam'ah Echad u'Poseles Echad' (meaning that the box, which is now a Rishon, makes a Sheini in Chulin, which in turn, makes a Shelishi in Terumah.

12)

(a)The Tana rules that a Beged on to which a Tamei Midras patch has been sewn ...

1. ... is Metamei two and Posel one (like a box whilst it is still touching the Moshav), as long as the patch is still attached to it.

2. ... is Metamei Echad and Posel Echad - once it has been detached (like where it is attached in the previous case).

(b)... because, as opposed to the previous case (of the box) - the patch does not become Bateil to the Beged.

(c)According to R. Meir, the same will apply in a case where the patch has been sewn on to sackcloth or leather. R. Shimon disagrees - because he compares sackcloth and leather (in this regard) to a box, rather than to a Beged.

(d)R. Yossi make between the two conflicting rulings - agreeing with R. Shimon (Tahor) regarding leather, and R. Meir (Tamei) regarding sackcloth - because the latter is woven, like the patch.

(e)The Halachah is - like R. Yossi.

13)

(a)R. Shimon rules that the M'lal is not included in the Shi'ur of three by three Etzba'os - incorporating Tum'as Meis, Sheretz and Neveilah (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)If M'lal means the fringes that protrude from the Beged [see Tos. Yom-Tov]), they are not included - because they only comprise the Sh'si, but not the Areiv.

(c)Alternatively, M'lal means - the material that is folded over in the place where it is cut, to avoid the threads from coming apart (see previous Perek, Mishnah 6) ...

(d)... and it is not included u\in the Shi'ur - because it does not extend the Beged, only makes it thicker.

14)

(a)The Chachamim say that - if the Beged is exactly three by three Etzba'os including the M'lal, it is subject to Tum'ah.

(b)The Mishnah rules that a patch that is stitched to the middle of a Beged ...

1. ... on only one of its four side - is not considered attached to it, but ...

2. ... on two opposite sides (north and south) - it is.

(c)In the event that it is stitched to the Beged on two adjacent sides (east and south [like a Greek Gamma]), R. Akiva declares the garment, Tamei - the Chachamim declare it Tahor.

(d)According to R. Yehudah, the above rulings are confined to a Tallis (which is wrapped around a person but not actually worn. If it was a shirt, for example) - it would be considered attached in all of the above cases, unless it was only connected on its bottom side (in which case it would merely fold over and hang down [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(e)The Halachah - is like the Chachamim.

15)

(a)In the Mishnah Bigdei Aniyim ... harei Eilu Temei'in Midras, the Tana defines Bigdei Aniyim as - patchwork, with each patch being less than three by three Etzba'os ...

(b)... and he is coming to teach us that they are nevertheless subject to Tum'ah ...

(c)... provided they are at least three by three Tefachim.

(d)The Mishnah rules that a Tamei cloak that the owner has begun to tear - is not considered joined as soon as the majority of the garment is torn ...

(e)... in which case it becomes completely Tahor (see Mishnah Achronah).

16)

(a)The Tana lists two kinds of Beged that are not subject to three by three Etzba'os. One of them is a particularly thick one (Avim), the other - a particularly soft one (Rakim) ...

(b)... such as various kinds of fine silk garments (see also Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).

(c)The reason for this is - because such a Beged is not fit to be worn.

(d)The minimum size that will render them (even) subject to Tum'as Meis is - three by three Tefachim.

17)

(a)Keses ha'Sabalim - is a sort of cushion that porters place on their heads or shoulders, to bear the brunt of weight of the load that they are carrying.

(b)The Mishnah considers it subject to Tum'as Midras - because between loads, the porter sometimes sits on it.

18)

(a)The Tana precludes a wine strainer - from Tum'as Midras, because, on account of the dregs, it is unpleasant to sit on.

(b)The Sevachah- the hair-net of an old woman, on the other hand - he declares subject to Tum'as Moshav ...

(c)... since she sometimes sits on it.

(d)The Mishnah in Perek 24, where he declares it Tahor from Moshav - must be speaking about a different kind of Sevachah (either one that is more expensive or one that is more delicate (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

19)

(a)The Chaluk shel Yotzeis Chutz is - the long shirt of a prostitute ...

(b)... which the Mishnah declares Tahor

(c)... because it is made in the form of network, and is therefore transparent (see Tiferes Yisrael).

20)

(a)The Tana issues the same ruling with regard to a Beged made from Cheirem - a fishing-net.

(b)He declares Tamei however, a Beged that is made from Zuto shel Cheirem - a piece of regular material that is sewn to the floor of the net.

(c)R. Eliezer ben Ya'akov declares Tamei a Beged made of Cheirem - in the event that one doubles it and makes a garment out of it.

(d)The Halachah is like - the Chachamim.

21)

(a)The Tana talks about the Pihah and the Kurkursah of a woman's Sevachah, with reference to - the opening of a woman's hair-net and its base (the top when it is worn), respectively.

(b)He rule that - it is Tahor, until such time as both are complete.

22)

(a)The Sevachah's Shavis - an ornamental piece of cloth that is attached to it and that sits on the forehead from ear to ear is subject to Tum'ah independently (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(b)... because it is detachable (in case one wants to switch it to another Sevachah).

(c)... whereas the strings (with which one ties the Sevachah to the woman's head) are considered part of it and is therefore Tamei together with the it.

(d)A torn Sevachah become Tahor - from the moment it does not cover the majority of the wearer's hair.