1)

(a)The Mishnah rules that threads that protrude from sheets, head-cloths, T'ratin and Pilyon shel Rosh are part of the Beged as far as Tum'ah is concerned

1. T'ratin is - a sort of hat.

2. Pilyon shel Rosh is - a sort of sari that covers the entire body (or a sort of cloth [like a Tichel] with which women cover their hair [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(b)The ramifications of this ruling are that - if a Sheretz (see Tos. Yom-Tov) touches the Beged, the threads becomes Tamei too (and vice-versa) ...

(c)... irrespective of whether the threads protrude from the side or whether they protrude from the top or the bottom.

(d)And they are considered part of the Beged - up to six Etzba'os.

(e)The equivalent Shi'ur for Afkarsin - (a sort of vest that is open at the shoulders, but that has loops and hooks which are tied after one puts it on) is ten Etzba'os.

2)

(a)The Tana also lists a shirt and a cloak, together with Sagos and R'did, whose protruding threads are considered part of the Beged up to three Etzba'os. Sagos is a thick woolen garment consisting entirely of threads, R'did - a thin shawl (Targum Yerushalmi for Tza'if [written in Vayeishev in connection with Tamar]).

(b)The last list in the Mishnah includes with an Arabian Gomadin (comprising one square Amah), a thin woven band of hair or a Punda, which might mean a money-belt). The Arabian Gomadin is worn - to cover the nose and the mouth when it is cold.

(c)The literal meaning of Gomed is - an Amah.

(d)Punda might also mean - an undershirt that is worn to prevent the other clothes from getting worn due to the perspiration.

3)

(a)The last two items in this list are Ma'afores and Pargod - which is an expensive curtain that is used in royal palaces.

(b)A Ma'afores is - a head-dress (such as is worn by Talmidei-Chachamim).

(c)The Tana gives the Shi'ur of all the threads in this list as Kol she'Hein - whatever the length.

(d)If a thread is longer than the Shi'ur in the previous three lists - then up to the Shi'ur is subject to Tum'ah together with the Beged (and vice-versa), but beyond that point, it remains Tahor.

4)

(a)The Mishnah considers three woolen cushions, six linen ones, three sheets and twelve cloths joined with regard to Tum'ah. By joined, the Tana means either sewn together (in the way that laundry-men do) - or woven together by the Sh'si only (in way that weavers do, leaving a space between one woven cloth and the next).

(b)They are also considered joined - with regard to Haza'ah (if the Kohen sprinkles the Eifer ha'Parah on one of them, the other one becomes Tahor, too.

(c)Two Savrikin (or Safrikin) are also considered joined. Besides a pair of pants, this might also mean - a pair of long gloves that reach up to the arm-pit.

(d)The last two items listed by the Tana are a long shirt and a K'luvk'rin (or G'luvk'rin [see also Tos. Yom-Tov) - a thick woolen Beged that is worn when it is cold.

5)

(a)The ramifications of the Tana's ruling are that if there are ...

1. ... less than the specified number (where this is applicable) - then the given ruling applies there too.

2. ... more than them - then what is in excess of the Shi'ur is still considered joined regarding Tum'ah, but not regarding Haza'ah.

(b)R. Yossi disagrees with the Tana Kama, in that according to him - they are not considered joined regarding Tum'ah either.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

6)

(a)The Shi'ur Tum'ah of the entire string of a Mishkoles is twelve Amos. Mishkoles is - a plumb-line (a weighted string that is used by builders to make sure that the wall is straight).

(b)The Shi'ur of the equivalent string that is used to measure ...

1. ... high walls - is eighteen Amos.

2. ... buildings - is fifty Amos.

(c)If a builder wants to retain a string that is longer than that - the excess is nevertheless Tahor (because we apply the principle Batlah Da'ato Eitzel Kol Adam).

(d)The Shi'ur of the equivalent piece of string used by Sayadin (those who cement the walls) and Tzayarin is - Kol she'Hein.

7)

(a)The Tana now discusses Chut Moznayim - the string with which one holds a hand-held scales, of gold-smiths and those who weigh good quality purple wool.

(b)The Shi'ur of the above two is - three Etzba'os.

(c)According to the Tana Kama, the same Shi'ur applies to the handle of a Kardum (an adze) that protrudes from the back of one's hand whilst one wields it. According to R. Yossi - if it protrudes a Tefach (or more), the entire handle is Tahor (because its excessive length renders it difficult to use.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

8)

(a)The Shi'ur that the Tana gives for the thread of the scales of storekeepers or Ba'alei-Batim and the handle of the adze between the actual tool and the wielder's hand is - one Tefach.

(b)And he gives the same Shi'ur for ...

1. ... Sheyarei Yad ha'Pargol - the handle of a compass (see Tos. Yom-Tov), and

2. ... Yad Makeves shel Yad shel Mefatchei Avanim - the handle of a metal hammer (or an ax [Aruch]) with one end pointed to break-up stones.

9)

(a)The Tana now lists threads and handles whose Shi'ur is two Tefachim. The first of two Chutin of scales is that of wool merchants, the second is - that of glass-weighers.

(b)The first two handles that he lists are ...

1. ... Yad ha'Makor - a pointed mallet, with which one cleans out the cracks and cavities in the mill, and ...

2. ... Ma'atzad shel Ligyonos - a round club used by soldiers in wartime (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)The third handle in the current list is that of a Kurnas shel Zahavim (a small gold-smith's hammer). The Shi'ur of the handle of an iron-smith's hammer is - three Tefachim.

(d)The reason for the distinction between the previous Mishnah, where the Shi'ur of the handles is a Tefach, and the current one, where (except for the last case) it is two Tefachim is - simply because the former are held with one hand, whereas the latter are held with two.

10)

(a)The Mishnah gives the Shi'ur of Sheyarei ha'Darban mi'Lema'lah and the handle of a Badid, as four Tefachim. The definition of ...

1. ... Darban is - a goad (the pointed end of the long stick used in plowing, with which one prods the cow when it strays from the furrow (as we learned above [in Perek 25]).

2. ... Badid (based on the fact that holes are called Bedidin) is - a metal implement with which one digs holes in the earth around a tree, to prevent the water from draining (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The ramifications of the former ruling are that - in the event that it breaks, as long as four Tefachim of the handle remain, it is still considered joined to the actual Badid, and is therefore subject to Tum'ah together with it.

(c)The Shi'ur for the handle of ...

1. ... a Kardum shel Nichush (a sledge-hammer, for breaking up large stone-slabs [see also Tos. Yom-Tov]) and for a ben Patish - a smaller version of the Patish, is - six Tefachim, as is that of ...

2. ... a Patish, an ax and a spade.

(d)Included in the current list is a Makeves shel Satasin - a hammer that is used for mining stones from the quarry and cutting off the rough edges.

11)

(a)The other end of the Darban is called Charchur (as we already learned [ibid.]), which is - a sort of spade with sharp edges, with which the person who is plowing cuts away the roots that interfere with the plow.

(b)The Tana gives the Shi'ur for Sheyarei Charchur mi'Lematan as - seven Tefachim.

12)

(a)According to Beis Shamai, the same Shi'ur pertains to the handle of a Magreifah - (a sort of metal trowel, that is used for digging and shoveling) shel Ba'alei-Batim, whereas that of a Magreifah shel Sayadin is - nine Tefachim.

(b)Beis Hillel give the Shi'ur of the handle of a Magreifah...

1. ... shel Ba'alei-Batim as - eight Tefachim.

2. ... shel Sayadin as - ten Tefachim.

(c)The Mishnah rules that ...

1. ... the above, where the owner decides to retain the excessive lengths of the respective handles - remain subject to Tum'ah.

2. ... handles of kitchen utensils that are used directly on the fire - are considered joined to the actual K'li irrespective of their length ...

(d)... such as the handles of spit-rods, roasting grills, pots and pans.