1)

(a)The Mishnah divides a Beged - a woven garment made of wool and linen, into five categories of Tum'ah.

(b)Four of those categories are K'lei Kibul, Moshav, Ohalim, Arig. The fifth is - three by three Etzba'os.

(c)The ramifications of these five divisions are that - each one has a different Shi'ur.

2)

(a)The Shi'ur for Tum'as K'lei Kibul is - a Mashehu.

(b)Examples of a Beged which falls into this category are - a bag for pearls, a crucible for oil (see Tos. Yom-Tov), and a container for wax.

(c)Whereas the Shi'ur Tum'ah regarding ...

1. ... Moshav ha'Zav - (incorporating Mishkav and Merkav [Midras ha'Zav]) is - at least three by three Tefachim.

2. ... Ohel ha'Meis is - one Tefach by one Tefach.

(d)The source for Tum'as Ohalim is - the Pasuk in Chukas "ve'Hizah al ha'Ohel".

3)

(a)The Shi'ur Tum'ah for clothes is - three by three Etzba'os ...

(b)... because less that that is not worn by anybody, even poor people.

(c)An example of Arig is - a belt or a girdle (even one that measures less than three by three Etzba'os).

(d)The Tana learns it from - Sak, which is also spun and woven (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

4)

(a)Sackcloth - which is made out of goats-hair and fluff, is subject to four of the above ...

(b)... but not to the Shi'ur of three by three Etzba'os.

(c)Hide is not subject to - Arig either (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)Wood shares the two categories to which it is not subject with hide. The only ...

1. ... two categories which it is subject to are - K'lei Kibul and Moshav.

2. ... category to which K'lei Cheres are subject is - K'lei Kibul.

(e)We know that wood is not subject to Tum'as Ohalim from a Mishnah in 'Bameh Madlikin'. From the Pasuk in Shemini "ve'Ish asher Yiga be'Mishkavo", we learn - that Tum'as Midras only pertains to objects which, like the Zav, can be Toveled, precluding K'lei Cheres, which cannot.

5)

(a)The Mishnah rules that K'lei Cheres that do not have a Toch - are not subject to Tum'as Achorayim either (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)Besides the fact that K'lei Eitz, unlike K'lei Cheres, are also subject to Moshav, as we already explained, the Tana adds that - in the case of a K'li that has no rim, the former is subject to Tum'ah (see Tiferes Yisrael), whereas the latter is not.

(c)We learn from the Pasuk in Shemini "ve'Chol K'li Cheres asher Yipol Meihem el Tocho" - that K'lei Cheres are only subject to Tum'ah from the inside (Toch), but not from the outside (Achorayim).

(d)According to what we have already learned, K'lei ...

1. ... Or differ from K'lei Eitz - inasmuch as they are subject to Tum'as Ohalim (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... Sackcloth differ from K'lei Or - inasmuch as they are subject to Arig, whereas ...

3. ... Beged, unlike K'lei Sak - are subject to Tum'as Meis (see Tos. Yom-Tov, Mishnah 2) when they are three by three Etzba'os.

6)

(a)We learn from "ve'ha'Beged" (in Shemini - that the Shi'ur Tum'as Meis of a Beged is three by three Etzba'os.

(b)We reconcile this with the Shi'ur of three by three Tefachim that the Tana gives - by establishing the latter by Tum'as Midras exclusively ...

(c)... which requires a larger Shi'ur because three by three Etzba'os is not fit to sit on.

(d)The Shi'ur Tum'as Meis for sackcloth is four Tefachim. The Shi'ur for ...

1. ... Or is - five Tefachim, and for ...

2. ... Mapatz (a reed mat) - six.

7)

(a)The Shi'ur Tumah of sackcloth, Or and Mapatz, regarding Tumas Midras is - the same as that of Tum'as Meis.

(b)R. Meir agrees that the Shi'ur Tum'as Meis for the remains of an article made of sackcloth is four Tefachim. The Shi'ur he gives for the initial article is - when it has been completed.

8)

(a)The Mishnah rules that an article that comprises ...

1. ... two Tefachim of Beged and one sackcloth, three of sackcloth and one of Or, or four of Or and one of Mapatz is - Tahor (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... five Tefachim of Mapatz and one of Or, four of Or and one of sackcloth, or three of sackcloth and one of Beged - is Tamei ...

(b)... based on the principle that - whenever Chamur combines with Kal to make up the Shi'ur Tum'ah, it is Tamei, but when Kal combines with Chamur, it is Tahor.

(c)If, in the latter case, the final Tefach consists of a material that is two or more stages away (four Tefachim of Or and one of Beged, or five of Mapatz and one of sackcloth - then it remains Tahor (because they are so different that we apply the principle Batlah Da'ato Eitzel Kol Adam [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

9)

(a)The one exception to this ruling is - where one combined them to make a saddle-cloth for one's donkey ...

(b)... either because there, even a single patch of one Tefach square is fit to sit on, or - because people are not so fussy about how their donkey's saddle-bags are made [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

10)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a Tefach square that one cuts out of any of the above - is subject to Tum'as Moshav ...

(b)... because it is fit to sit on ...

(c)... whereas the earlier ruling ha'Beged Sheloshah al Sheloshah le'Midras ... - speaks with reference to the initial article, which was not made specifically to sit on.

11)

(a)The same will apply to a square Tefach that one cuts from the base of a box. R. Shimon rules that a square Tefach that is cut from the side of the box - is Tahor ...

(b)... because it is not fit to sit on (see Tiferes Yisrael & Mishnah Acharonah).

(c)According to the Chachamim - the latter is subject to Tum'as Moshav as well.

12)

(a)Generally, sieves are made out of leather. The Shi'ur Tum'ah of a sieve that is made out of ...

1. ... hair - is four by four Tefachim (like that of sack-cloth).

2. ... ropes made of shavings or reeds (see also Tiferes Yisrael) is - six by six Tefachim (just like a Mapatz).

(b)According to R. Akiva, if the owner now designates a worn-out sieve to sit on, it becomes subject to Tum'ah. For this to take effect, it must be - the size of one Tefach square.

(c)According to the Chachamim - it only becomes subject to Tum'ah if one actually cuts it to size and shapes it (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Chidushei ha'G'ra).

13)

(a)The chair of a small child, which the Tana declares to be subject to Tum'ah, is different than that of a grown-up - in that it is subject to Tum'ah even if it is less than a Tefach tall.

(b)R. Eliezer rules that the garment of a small child that does not have the Shi'ur of a Beged - is Tamei be'Chol Shehu.

(c)According to the Chachamim, it must have the Shi'ur of a Beged - three by three Etzba'os regarding Tum'as Meis and three by three Tefachim regarding Tum'as Midras.

(d)They add to that however - that it must be double (comprise that Shi'ur both in the front and at the back), so that when it is opened, it measures six by three Tefachim.

14)

(a)The Mishnah now lists various items that must be double, the first of them boots that reach the knees (Ampalya [or Anpalya]) . Double according to its ...

1. ... implied meaning (see Mishnah Acharonah), means - on two sides (since that is the way the Beged is worn).

2. ... alternative explanation means - the material is folded over in the place where it is cut, to avoid the threads from coming apart. And the Shi'ur must remain intact after it has been folded.

(b)The next two items on the list are P'mulinya and Michnasayim. P'mulinya - are long knee breeches with belt-like straps attached.

(c)The next two are Kova (a hat) and Kis shel Pandiya (or Punda). Kis shel Pandiya is - a money-belt (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

15)

(a)The last item on the list is Matlis she'Telaya al ha'Safah - a patch that is stitched on to the Beged by the neck ...

(b)... with double Shi'ur - if it is stitched both at the front and at the back, and single - if it stitched in one or the other of those two locations.

(c)The two possible interpretations of double in this specific case - are as we explained above (in 13a).

16)

(a)The Mishnah rules that in a case where a Beged becomes Tamei Midras after three by three Tefachim have been woven, and then, after ...

1. ... it has been completed, one of the initial threads is removed - it is Tamei Maga Midras, and the same will apply if, after ...

2. ... one of the initial threads has been removed, it is completed.

(b)The problem with the latter ruling is that - since the original Beged was reduced before the completion of the Beged, it ought to be Tahor?

(c)We therefore establish the Tana like those who hold that a garment which is Tamei Midras that is divided into two, each half is Tamei Maga Midras (as we will learn later in the Perek).

(d)Consequently - when the Beged is completed, it is likewise Tamei, because of the principle 'Kol ha'Mechubar le'Tamei, Tamei Kamoso'.

17)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a Beged that becomes Tamei after three by three Etzba'os have been woven, and then, after ...

1. ... it has been completed, one of the initial threads is removed - is Tahor from Tum'as Meis (like it ruled with regard to Tum'as Midras).

2. ... one of the initial threads has been removed, it is completed - is then Tahor ...

(b)... because once a Beged is reduced to less than three by three Etzbaz'os, it is no longer fit to be used (whereas a Beged of three by three Tefachim which is reduced, is still fit to be used).

18)

(a)The Tana Kama rules that a Tamei Midras sheet that one hangs up as a curtain remains Tamei Maga Midras, having lost its original status - when it is either hung up (Beis Shamai), tied (Beis Hillel) or fixed (as we learned in the previous Perek) ...

(b)... because it is no longer fit for Midras.

(c)

1. It remains subject to Tum'as Maga Midras however - since the Shamash still tends to wrap it round him when he feels cold (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. R. Yossi disagrees with the Tana Kama, because - since the Tum'as Midras dissolves, so too does Tum'as Maga Midras.

(d)R. Yossi will concede that it is Tamei Maga ha'Zav however (but not Midras) - once a Zav subsequently touches it.

19)

(a)The Mishnah rules that - a Tamei Midras Beged of three by three Tefachim that tears in half is Tamei Maga Midras (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)R. Yossi - repeats what he said in the previous Mishnah.

(c)R. Yossi will concede however, that a torn piece of Beged three by three Etzba'os is Tamei Maga Midras - if it tore from a large Beged that is still Tamei Midras (see Tiferes Yisrael)

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim in both cases (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

20)

(a)The Tana lists two conditions for a Beged that has been thrown into the trash-heap to remain subject to Tum'ah. One of them that it is still firm, the other that - it can hold a quarter of a Kav (an egg-volume) of salt.

(b)The equivalent Din of a Beged in the house is that - either of the two will suffice, in order for it to remain subject to Tum'ah.

(c)The Machlokes between R. Yehudah and the Chachamim in this regard is - whether the salt must be fine or thick.

(d)Neither Tana is more stringent, as the Mishnah specifically states - Eilu va'Eilu Miskavnin Lehakeil.

(e)This is possible - because each Tana stresses different criteria. According to R. Yehudah, unless it holds a quarter Kav of fine salt, which is heavier, it is Tahor; whereas according to the Chachamim, it is Tahor unless it holds a quarter Kav of thick salt, which is sharper and has jagged edges that will tear the Beged.

21)

(a)R. Shimon gives a Beged of three by three Tefachim in the trash-heap the same Din as one of three by three Etzba'os in the house to be subject to Tum'as Meis but not Tum'as Midras ...

(b)... because once it has been thrown out into the trash-heap, it has lost its Chashivus.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim, in both Machlokos.

22)

(a)If one places a torn Beged of three by three Tefachim on a chair, it will it have to be torn sufficiently - for one's body to touch the chair for it to be Tahor.

(b)The Mishnah - declares Tahor a Beged of three by three Etzba'os of which one thread is worn out.

(c)The same applies to two knots in two consecutive threads - and to one where the Areiv (thread) went up and down (as two threads one beside the other without interweaving with the Shesi.

23)

(a)The Tana rules that a Beged of three by three Etzba'os that has been thrown on to a trash-heap - is Tahor.

(b)It re-enters the realm of Tum'ah - by removing it.

(c)The same will apply - even if this sequence is repeated a number of times.

24)

(a)The only two exceptions to the previous rule are Argaman (purple wool) and Zehoris Tovah - crimson silk (see Mishnah Acharonah), which do not become Tahor when thrown on to the trash-heap ...

(b)... because they are in themselves Chashuv.

(c)R. Eliezer adds - a new Beged to the exceptions.

(d)R. Shimon disagrees with all the exceptions. In his opinion, the Chachamim mentioned them - in connection with Hashavas Aveidah (that someone who finds them in the trash-heap is obligated to announce them (see Hagahos ha'G'ra).

(e)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.