(Mishnah) Question: In what may one do Hatmanah (wrap things to keep them warm), and in what is it forbidden? (We forbid in anything that adds heat.)

Answer: Hatmanah is forbidden in Gefes (waste of olives or sesame after the oil was extracted), manure, salt, plaster, and sand, whether they are moist or dry;

Hatmanah is forbidden in straw, grape skins or pits, tufts, and grass when they are wet, but Hatmanah is permitted in them if they are dry.

Hatmanah is permitted in clothing, Peros, dove's feathers, sawdust and fine chaff of flax;

R. Yehudah forbids if it is fine, and permits if it is coarse.

(Gemara): Because these matters are hot and make things hot, [perhaps he will fear that they are too hot,] and he takes them and puts them in his hand [until they are not so hot], and he will return them [to the insulation], and they add heat, therefore they forbade Hatmanah in them [even before Shabbos. Hatmanah on Shabbos is forbidden, lest one heat up the food before wrapping it.]

This is like R. Elazar ben Azaryah, for R. Elazar ben Azaryah said that a box, [one who removes it from tufts of wool,] he tilts it on its side and takes [from it. He does not remove it, lest he be unable to return it];

According to Rabanan, who say there that if it was a pot [not put in a box, this is not considered Hatmanah, there is no concern, so] it is permitted. (We explained this like RIDVAZ.)

A Mishnah there says that [one may do Hatmanah] when it is Safek dark, Safek not dark.

Implied question: [This implies that] if it is dark, it is forbidden to do Hatmanah in them (matters that do not add heat. What is the reason?)

Answer #1: There (in Bavel) they said that it is due to Bitul Beis Midrash (they used to learn on Shabbos night. If he can do Hatmanah after dark, people will delay to go to learn.)

Answer #2 (R. Ba): It is due to suspicion. If you tell him that he is permitted [to do Hatmanah after dark], he will not do all his needs (cook it fully) during the day. If you tell him that he is forbidden, he will do all his needs during the day

How do [these reasons] differ? They differ about wrapping snow and cold [food or drink to keep it cold]. According to R. Ba it is permitted, and according to Rabanan there it is forbidden.

They forbade Hatmanah [on Shabbos, or before Shabbos in something that adds heat] due to a Kirah [lest he do Shehiyah on a Kirah]. They forbade a Kirah with little heat due to a very hot Kirah (SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL).

They forbade a fully cooked Tavshil due to one that was not fully cooked. They forbade hot water (which is Mitztamek v'Ra Lo) due to a fully cooked Tavshil [that is Mitztamek v'Yafeh Lo]. They retracted and permitted hot water.

(Beraisa): One may not do Hatmanah in Remetz (ashes with coals inside).

Inference (R. Ze'ira): One may do Hatmanah in cold ashes.

This is like R. Yanai's daughter. She used to serve in front of his father, and brought very hot Tavshilim to him;

He asked her how she does so, and she said that she wrapped in Gefes. He told her "do not do so. Rather, wrap in a box, and put the box on Gefes'' [lest the pot touch something that adds heat.]

(R. Ze'ira): R. Chanina argues about this;

(R. Acha citing R. Chaninah): If the Gefes is below and straw is on both sides, it is forbidden. R. Yanai agrees.

Question (Achin): However, we ask, if he mixed together (something in which we may do Hatmanah and something in which we may not, what is the law? We explained like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

Answer: We learn from the following. One may do Hatmanah in garments, Peros and doves' feathers;

R. Yudah bar Pazi citing R. Yosi bar Chaninah says, this is when there is not more that rotted [that what did not rot], but if there is more that rotted, it is forbidden [for it adds heat. This shows that for a mixture, it depends on the majority.]

(Mishnah): And not in sand.

Implied question (Mishnah): We place [a dead body] in sand so it will cool off [and not decay quickly. Our Mishnah holds that sand adds heat!]

Answer: Sand heats what is hot, and cools what is cold.

[Hatmanah in] straw is a deposit. Like you give to it, it returns [the same temperature].

Anything that one must distance from [another's] wall (because it harms a wall), one may not do Hatmanah in it.

(R. Yosi): Since [our Mishnah] taught that one may do Hatmanah in straw, this teaches that one need not distance it from a wall.

Question (R. Chagai - Beraisa): One who rents a house to his colleague, [the tenant] may not make it a storehouse for grain. What is the reason? Is it not due to chaff [which harms walls]?!

Answer (R. Chaninah): [The tenant may not make it a storehouse] due to mice.

Objection (R. Pinchas bei R. Chaninah): If it is due to mice, it should teach a storehouse of anything! (Why did it teach specifically grain?)

Remark: R. Chagai's question is strong!

Question (R. Shamai): One must distance Sela'im (rocks) from a wall. According to [R. Yosi], one may not do Hatmanah in them!

Answer (R. Yosi): Rocks do not heat. [One must distance them from a wall] because they soften the earth and weaken the ground [near the wall].

Question: A Beraisa teaches that one may not do Hatmanah in rocks!

Answer: It discusses silver Sela'im (coins).

Contradiction: One Beraisa permits Hatmanah in Sela'im, and one Beraisa forbids!

Answer (Rav Chisda): The one who permits Hatmanah discusses Sela'im of gold and copper. The one who forbids Hatmanah discusses silver Sela'im.