Shabbos 140 (3 Av) - dedicated l'Iluy Nishmas Reb Aharon Dovid ben Elimelech Shmuel Kornfeld (Muncasz/Israel/New York), who passed away on 3 Av 5761, by his daughter Diane Koenigsberg and her husband Dr. Andy Koenigsberg. May his love for Torah and for Eretz Yisrael continue in all of his descendants.

1)

(a)If one kneaded mustard-seeds on Erev Shabbos, what Shinuy does Rav require when softening it with water or wine on Shabbos? Why is that?

(b)What does Shmuel say to that?

(c)Rebbi Elazar forbids either way. What does Rebbi Yochanan hold?

(d)Like whom did Abaye and Rava ...

1. ... initially rule?

2. ... rule after Rebbi Elazar and Rebbi Yochanan switched their rulings?

1)

(a)If one kneaded mustard-seeds on Erev Shabbos, Rav rules that, when softening them with water or wine on Shabbos - one must use a K'li, which is considered a Shinuy, since it does not mix as well when using a K'li as when using one's hands.

(b)Shmuel argues that - this is the way that one prepares mustard-seeds for donkeys, and that doing it by hand is considered a Shinuy.

(c)Rebbi Elazar forbids either way - Rebbi Yochanan permits either way.

(d)Abaye and Rava ...

1. ... initially ruled not like Rebbi Yochanan.

2. ... ruled like Rebbi Yochanan - after they switched their opinions.

2)

(a)Abaye declined to eat the mustard which his nanny had prepared for him in the above way, as did Rav Chiya bar Ashi (a Talmid of Ze'iri) the mustard that Ze'iri's wife prepared for him. What did Ze'iri's wife comment on that?

(b)What Rava bar Shva once see Ravina do? What did he use to soften the mustard-seeds on Shabbos?

(c)Mar Zutra rejected all the previous rulings on the basis of a Kabalah that he had. What did that Kabalah rule regarding mustard-seeds ...

1. ... that were kneaded on Erev Shabbos and that one then wanted to eat on Shabbos?

2. ... if one wanted to add honey, with regard to beating the honey?

(d)And what did the Kabalah rule with regard to ...

1. ... cress that one ground in water on Erev Shabbos?

2. ... garlic that one ground before Shabbos and one then wanted to add beans or a bean-stew on Shabbos and eat it, with regard to grinding the beans?

(e)What did Abaye comment on the fact that they added mint to the cress (even though they added it to the garlic as well)?

2)

(a)Abaye declined to eat the mustard which his nanny had prepared for him in the above way, as did Rav Chiya bar Ashi (a Talmid of Ze'iri) the mustard that Ze'iri's wife prepared for him, upon which she commented - that when she prepared the same thing for his Rebbe, he ate it.

(b)Rava bar Shva once saw Ravina softening the mustard-seeds on Shabbos - with the middle of a stick of garlic.

(c)Mar Zutra rejected all the previous rulings on the basis of a Kabalah that he had - permitting mixing mustard-seeds ...

1. ... that were kneaded on Erev Shabbos and that one then wanted to eat on Shabbos - using either the one's hands or a K'li. But ...

2. ... if one wanted to add honey, one would need to mix it by shaking the dish or using one's finger, but not a spoon (in the way that one usually beats an egg).

(d)The Kabalah also ruled that ...

1. ... cress that one ground in water on Erev Shabbos, and after adding oil or vinegar on Shabbos, one adds mint - one needs to beat it by shaking the dish, as we just explained, and it issues the same ruling with regard to ...

2. ... garlic that one ground before Shabbos, and then after adding beans or a bean-stew on Shabbos, one wants to add mint. There too - one would need to shake the dish whilst doing so, or stir it with one's finger.

(e)Abaye commented on the fact that they added mint to the cress (even though they added it to the garlic as well) - that mint enhances cress.

3)

(a)Our Mishnah permits the preparation of Anumlin on Shabbos, but not of Aluntis. What is 'Anumlin'?

(b)'Aluntis' consists of vintage wine, clear water and Afarsemon. Why did they permit Anumlin but forbid Aluntis? What purpose does the latter serve?

(c)What happened to Rav Yosef when, after following Mar Ukva to the bathhouse, the latter gave him a cup of Aluntis to drink?

(d)What did he say would have happened had he offered him a second one?

(e)Then why did Mar Ukva not suffer from it?

3)

(a)Our Mishnah permits the preparation of Anumlin - wine, honey and peppers on Shabbos, but not of Aluntis (vintage wine, clear water and Afarsemon).

(b)They permit Anumlin but forbid Aluntis - because whereas the former is a beverage, the latter is generally drunk to cool a person down after taking a bath (which is similar to a cure).

(c)When Mar Ukva gave Rav Yosef, who had followed him to the bathhouse, a cup of Aluntis to drink - he felt a surge of cold from the hair of his head to the soles of his feet.

(d)Had Mar Ukva offered him a second, he said - he was afraid that, had he survived, he would have had to forfeit some of his reward in the World to Come.

(e)Mar Ukva did not suffer from it - because he was used to it.

4)

(a)Chiltis is a sharp spice. What is it used for?

(b)On Shabbos, may one ...

1. ... soak it in warm water?

2. ... place it in vinegar?

(c)What does the Tana say about ...

1. ... soaking vetch (horse-beans) in water on Shabbos, rubbing them (to separate the refuse), and sifting the chaff from the straw?

2. ... placing them in a sieve or a basket (from which the refuse sometimes falls out) - and then carrying the sieve to the feeding trough?

4)

(a)Chiltis is a sharp spice - which is used as a cure for Yukra de'Liba (a heavy feeling in the heart).

(b)One may ...

1. ... not soak it in warm water on Shabbos, but one may ...

2. ... place it in vinegar.

(c)The Tana ...

1. ... forbids soaking vetch (horse-beans) in water, rubbing them (to separate the refuse), or sifting the chaff from the straw on Shabbos, but he ...

2. ... permits placing them in a sieve or a basket, and even carrying the sieve to the feeding trough, and if the refuse or the chaff falls out, he is not liable for sifting (like Rebbi Shimon, who holds 'Davar she'Ein Miskaven, Mutar').

5)

(a)They asked what someone who soaks Chiltis in warm water on Shabbos is Chayav. What did Rav Ada Narsha'ah reply in front of Rav Yosef?

(b)How did Abaye query that, based on the fact that someone who soaks a raw piece of meat in water?

(c)How does Abaye therefore resolve the She'eilah?

5)

(a)They asked what someone who soaks Chiltis in warm water on Shabbos is Chayav. Rav Ada Narsha'ah replied in front of Rav Yosef - that they are Chayav a Chatas.

(b)Abaye queried that however - based on the fact that someone who soaks a raw piece of meat in water is definitely not Chayav Chatas , so why should someone who soaks Chiltis be Chayav Chatas?

(c)Abaye therefore concludes - that one has transgressed an Isur de'Rabbanan (because of Uvdin de'Chol).

6)

(a)What did Rebbi Yanai reply when Rebbi Yochanan asked him whether soaking Chiltis is permitted in cold water?

(b)What problem did Rebbi Yochanan have with that?

(c)How did Rebbi Yanai counter Rebbi Yochanan's query?

6)

(a)When Rebbi Yochanan asked Rebbi Yanai whether soaking Chiltis is permitted in cold water - he replied in the negative.

(b)The problem Rebbi Yochanan had with that was - that our Mishnah forbids soaking it in warm water, implying that in cold water it is permitted.

(c)Rebbi Yanai countered - that our Mishnah is the individual opinion of Rebbi Yossi (in a Beraisa), whereas the Rabbanan there do not differentiate between warm and cold water.

7)

(a)Why did Mar Ukva advise Rav Acha bar Yosef to take the weight of three gold coins of Chiltis?

(b)What did the latter do on the third day (Shabbos), after taking it on Thursday and Friday?

(c)The Talmidei-Chachamim there thought that he was asking about taking it on Shabbos. So what did they tell him in the name of Tana de'Bei Rav Ada (or Tana de'Bei Mar bar Rav Ada)?

(d)It transpired that Rav Chiya bar Avin had suffered from the same ailment, and that he too, took it first on Thursday and Friday. So he went to ask Rav Ada bar Ahavah about soaking the Chiltis on Shabbos. What did ...

1. ... Rav Ada bar Ahavah reply?

2. ... Rav Huna citing Rav, reply?

(e)Rav Huna subsequently pointed out that this concession applied even according to the Rabbanan (who generally forbid soaking Chiltis in warm water). Why was that?

7)

(a)Mar Ukva advise Rav Acha bar Yosef to take the weight of three gold coins of Chiltis - because he suffered from Yukra de'Liba.

(b)On the third day (Shabbos), after taking it on Thursday and Friday, the latter went on Shabbos to the Beis-Hamedrash, to ask what he should do.

(c)The Talmidei-Chachamim there thought that he was asking about taking it on Shabbos. So they told him in the name of Tana de'Bei Rav Ada (or Tana de'Bei Mar bar Rav Ada) - that he was permitted to drink even as much as one or two Kabin with impunity.

(d)It transpired that Rav Chiya bar Avin had suffered from the same ailment, and that he too, took it first on Thursday and Friday. So he went to ask Rav Ada bar Ahavah about soaking the Chiltis on Shabbos. Rav ...

1. ... Ada bar Ahavah - did not know the solution, so he went to ask Rav ...

2. ... Huna who citing Rav, replied - that it was permitted.

(e)Rav Huna subsequently pointed out that this concession applied even according to the Rabbanan (who forbid soaking Chiltis in warm water) - because he had already taken it on Thursday and Friday, and it could be dangerous not to take it on Shabbos.

8)

(a)Rav Acha bar Yosef asked his nephew Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak, on whose shoulders he was leaning, to lead him in to Rav Safra. Why was he leaning on his nephew's shoulders?

(b)What did he ask him (Rav Safra) about rubbing freshly-laundered linen clothes on Shabbos?

(c)Why did he think that it might be forbidden?

(d)Then why did Rav Safra rule that it is permitted?

8)

(a)Rav Acha bar Yosef asked his nephew Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak, on whose shoulders he was leaning - due to his advanced age, to lead him in to Rav Safra.

(b)He asked him whether one is permitted to rub freshly laundered linen clothes on Shabbos or not.

(c)He thought that it might be forbidden - because maybe one's intention is to make them more white, in which case it would be Asur mi'de'Rabbanan because of Molid (creating something new).

(d)Rav Safra nevertheless ruled that it is permitted - because he held that one's main objective is to soften the clothes, which is permitted.

9)

(a)Why Rav Acha bar Yosef ...

1. ... decline to ask Rav Safra the same question regarding a freshly laundered Sudar (head-cloth)?

2. ... not then apply the answer he received from Rav Huna to his She'eilah regarding freshly laundered clothes?

(b)They used to hang freshly-laundered clothes on a wooden rod to dry. What did Rav Chisda say about removing them?

(c)In which case did Rava permit even removing the rod from the clothes?

9)

(a)Rav Acha bar Yosef ...

1. ... declined to ask Rav Safra the same question regarding a freshly laundered Sudar (head-cloth) - because he had already asked Rav Huna about that, and he had duly forbidden it.

2. ... did not apply the answer he received from Rav Huna to his She'eilah regarding freshly laundered clothes - since the owner of a Sudar, who tends to be more particular, definitely intends to make it white, whereas the owner of other clothes might not, as we explained.

(b)They used to hang freshly-laundered clothes on a wooden rod to dry. Rav Chisda permits removing them from the rod, but not the rod (whose main function is to serve as firewood, and therefore Muktzeh) from them.

(c)Rava permits even removing the rod from the clothes - if the rod is a weaving rod (which is a Kli).

140b----------------------------------------140b

10)

(a)When does Rav Chisda consider a bunch of vegetables Muktzeh, and when does he not?

(b)Why does Rav Chiya bar Ashi Amar Rav consider fish hanging on a rope to dry, Muktzeh, but not meat?

(c)We reject Rav Ketina's statement that someone who stands on a bed on which a man and his wife usually sleep it is as if he was standing on the woman's stomach. Why did Rav Ketina think that it is?

(d)What advice did Rav Chisda give to a Talmid-Chacham who wants to buy bunches of vegetables or canes?

10)

(a)Rav Chisda considers a bunch of vegetables Muktzeh - if it is not fit for an animal to eat, but One may move it if it is.

(b)Rav Chiya bar Ashi Amar Rav consider fish hanging on a rope to dry, Muktzeh, but not meat - because whereas the latter is edible raw, the former is not.

(c)We reject Rav Ketina's statement that someone who stands on a bed on which a man and his wife usually sleep it is as if he was standing on the woman's stomach. Rav Ketina thought that it is - because it arouses thoughts in a person's mind.

(d)Rav Chisda advised a Talmid-Chacham who wants to buy bunches of vegetables or canes - to ignore the thickness of the bunches (which was more or less standard), and to go for the length, since the longer the bunch, the more one will obtain one's money's worth.

11)

(a)Why did Rav Chisda advise a poor Talmid-Chacham to avoid eating raw vegetables?

(b)Why did he himself not eat vegetables even after he became wealthy?

(c)What advice did Rav Chisda offer a poor Talmid-Chacham who only has a few scraps of bread to eat?

(d)Before Rav Chisda became wealthy, what was he careful to do prior to reciting the B'rachah of ha'Motzi?

11)

(a)Rav Chisda advised a poor Talmid-Chacham to avoid eating raw vegetables - because they give one an appetite to eat more bread, which a poor Talmid-Chacham cannot afford.

(b)He himself did not eat raw vegetables even after he became wealthy - because, he figured, he would be better off eating fish or meat instead (since they are healthier.

(c)He also advised a poor Talmid-Chacham who only has a few scraps of bread to eat - to save them until he has sufficient for a proper meal. Otherwise, he will never be satisfied.

(d)Before Rav Chisda became wealthy, prior to reciting the Berachah of ha'Motzi - he would check that he had plenty of bread in the basket, and if he had, he would make the Motzi over bread on behalf of all the participants; if not, he would give the honor to someone else (because the Pasuk in Mishlei says "Tov Ayin Hu Yevorach" (meaning that the generous person should recite 'ha'Motzi' [see Agados Maharsha DH 'bar Bei Rav']).

12)

(a)What did Rav Chisda also say about someone who eats wheat bread, when he could have eaten barley bread, and Rav Papa, someone who drinks wine when he could have drunk beer?

(b)Why is that?

(c)On what grounds do we conclude that it is not?

(d)They used to wash their hands with oil before Mayim Acharonim. What did Rav Chisda consider a good substitute for oil?

12)

(a)Rav Chisda also said that someone who eats wheat bread, when he can have eaten barley bread, and Rav Papa someone who drinks wine, when he could have drunk beer - has transgressed the La'av (de'Rabbanan) of 'Bal Tashchis' ...

(b)... because then the barley bread and the beer (which are not as popular as wheat bread and wine) will go to waste.

(c)We conclude that it is not however - because 'Bal Tashchis de'Gufa Adif' (meaning that the person's needs come first, so he may eat whatever he prefers).

(d)They used to wash their hands with oil before Mayim Acharonim. Rav Chisda considers a good substitute for oil - water that has been standing for a long time and that has grown a thick algae.

13)

(a)On what grounds did Rav Chisda advise a Talmid-Chacham to buy the neck of an animal?

(b)What did Rav Chisda guarantee a Talmid-Chacham who purchased the excellent flax that grows in the area of the River Aba?

(c)Why was that flax called 'Kitunisa'?

(d)How often did clothes made from that flax require washing?

13)

(a)Rav Chisda advised Talmidei-Chachamim to buy the neck of an animal because it contains a variety of tastes ... fat meat, lean meat and the nerves of the neck.

(b)Rav Chisda guaranteed a Talmid-Chacham who purchases the excellent flax that grows in the area of the River Aba - that clothes that are made from it will last a full year.

(c)Flax that grew in the area of the River Aba was called 'Kitunisa' - because it is the acronym of 'Kita Na'ah'- a fine group (since the person who wore clothes made from this flax, was worthy to be seated together with the elite).

(d)Clothes made from that flax require washing - only once every thirty days.

14)

(a)On what sort of mat did Rav Chisda advise Talmidei-Chachamim not to sit?

(b)Why did he also advise them not to give their clothes to their hostess to wash?

(c)Among the things that Rav Chisda advised his daughters was to behave modestly and not to eat bread in front of their husbands. He also warned them not to eat vegetables, dates and beer at night-time. Why not?

(d)What did he advise them to do with regard to ...

1. ... relieving themselves?

2. ... asking who was at the door when someone knocked?

14)

(a)One should avoid sitting on a new, reed mat - because the wetness of the reeds will quickly wear out one's clothes.

(b)One should not give one's clothes to his hostess to wash - because she might find Keri on them, and come to despise him.

(c)Shmuel warned his daughters not to eat vegetables (such as garlic) at night-time - because they leave a foul smell in the mouth; and beer and dates, because they cause one to emit smells.

(d)He advised them ...

1. ... not to relieve themselves in the same area as their husbands - so that their husbands should not see them doing so, or even the location where they did, as this would create in him a feeling of disgust.

2. ... that, when someone knocked at the door - they should not ask 'Mano?' ('Who's there'?) in the masculine form, but 'Mani'? in the feminine).

15)

(a)He also advised them how to respond to their husbands' advances during intimacy. How did he instruct them to avail their breasts immediately, and the Makom Ervah only long afterwards?

(b)Why did he tell them that?

(c)Why do we establish our Mishnah not like Rebbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov in a Beraisa, who forbids using a sieve altogether?

15)

(a)He also advised them how to respond to their husbands' advances during intimacy. He instructed them to avail their breasts immediately - referring to them as a jewel, and the Makom Ervah only long afterwards - which he referred to as the furnace or the pit ...

(b)... in order to increase their husbands' desire and love for them.

(c)We establish our Mishnah not like Rebbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov in a Beraisa, who forbids using a sieve altogether - since the Tana of our Mishnah permits placing horse-beans in it.

16)

(a)What does Rebbi Dosa say about ...

1. ... clearing out the feeding-trough from before a Petem on Shabbos? What is a 'Petem'?

2. ... sweeping the straw to the sides? Why are these both necessary?

(b)What do the Chachamim say?

(c)What does the Mishnah then say about taking food from in front of one animal on Shabbos to give to another?

16)

(a)Rebbi Dosa permits ...

1. ... clearing out the feeding-trough from before a Petem (an ox that one is fattening) on Shabbos.

2. ... sweeping the straw to the sides - Why is this necessary, so that the dust and dirt should not mix with the straw and render it inedible for the ox.

(b)The Chachamim - forbidden it.

(c)The Mishnah then permits taking food from in front of one animal on Shabbos to give to another.

17)

(a)We ask whether the Rabbanan disagree with Rebbi Dosa's first statement ('Gorfin') or his second one ('Mesalkin'). What is the third possibility?

(b)Why might they dispute his ...

1. ... first statement?

2. ... second statement?

(c)We resolve the She'eilah from a Beraisa. What does the Beraisa say?

17)

(a)We ask whether the Rabbanan disagree with Rebbi Dosa's first statement ('Gorfin') or his second one ('Mesalkin') - or even with both.

(b)They might dispute his ...

1. ... first statement - because sometimes the trough is dug in the ground and we are afraid that the owner may go on to fill in the holes in the ground.

2. ... second statement - because some of the straw is most likely to be Muktzeh, once it becomes disgusting after the animal treads on it.

(c)We resolve the She'eilah from a Beraisa - which specifically states that the Rabbanan forbid both.

18)

(a)Rav Chisda establishes the Machlokes between Rebbi Dosa and the Rabbanan by a feeding-trough that is dug in the ground. What will they both hold by one which is made into a K'li?

(b)On what grounds do we reject Rav Chisda's statement?

(c)So how do we amend it?

18)

(a)Rav Chisda establishes the Machlokes between Rebbi Dosa and the Rabbanan by a feeding-trough that is dug in the ground - but by one which is made into a K'li, they will both agree that it is permitted to sweep the feeding-trough.

(b)We reject Rav Chisda's statement - on the grounds that Rebbi Dosa would be most unlikely to permit sweeping a feeding-trough in the ground, because of the possibility of filling in holes (a fear with which everybody agrees).

(c)So we amend it - by establishing the Machlokes by a feeding-trough that is made into a vessel, but by one that is dug in the ground, even Rebbi Dosa will concede that it is forbidden.

19)

(a)With regard to the Mishnah's concession to take food from in front of one animal and place it in front of another one, one Beraisa confines this to taking from in front of an animal with 'a good mouth and placing it in front of one with 'a bad mouth'. What does a second Beraisa say?

(b)What does Abaye say about the two Beraisos?

(c)What will be the Din regarding taking from in front of a cow and placing in front of a donkey?

(d)Why does the first Beraisa refer to a donkey as an animal with ...

1. ... 'a good mouth' and a cow as one with 'a bad mouth'?

2. ... 'a bad mouth' and a cow as one with 'a good mouth'?

19)

(a)With regard to the Mishnah's concession to take food from in front of one animal and place it in front of another one, one Beraisa confines this to taking from in front of an animal with 'a good mouth and placing it in front of one with 'a bad mouth'. A second Beraisa - says the reverse.

(b)Abaye explains - that the two Beraisos do not in fact, argue, and that they both permit taking food from in front of a donkey and placing it in front of a cow ...

(c)... but not vice-versa.

(d)The first Beraisa refers to a donkey as an animal with ...

1. ... 'a good mouth' and a cow as one with 'a bad mouth' - since the latter drips saliva from its mouth (rendering the food that it leaves uneaten inedible for other animals to eat), whereas the former does not.

2. ... 'a bad mouth' and a cow as one with 'a good mouth' - because the former does not inspect what it eats (imbibing even the thorns in its food) whereas the latter does.

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