[68a - 44 lines; 68b - 39 lines]
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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any other important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara, Rashi and Tosfos.
[1] Gemara 68a [line 12]:
Ela Lav Hainu Ta'ama אלא לאו היינו טעמא
The word "Lav" is unnecessary (and follows the typographical error in Rashi, see #2). (M. KORNFELD)
[2] Rashi 68a DH Ela Lav Hainu Ta'ama. Mishum Avos v'Soldos Ela" : ד"ה אלא לאו היינו טעמא משום אבות ותולדות אלא
These words should be DH "Ela. Lav Mishum Avos v'Soldos Ela Hainu Ta'ama" אלא. לאו משום אבות ותולדות אלא היינו טעמא
(M. KORNFELD)
[3] Gemara 68b [line 32]:
The words "v'Reish Lakish, Lo Mi Ika" וריש לקיש לא מי איכא
should be "v'Reish Lakish, Lav Mi Ika" וריש לקיש לאו מי איכא (Dikdukei Sofrim #40 and the Oxford Manuscript)
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1)[line 4]דקבעיD'KABA'I- that he (the Tana of our Mishnah) wants
2)[line 5]גבי שביעיתGABEI SHEVI'IS- in reference to the laws of Shemitah, the Mishnah (Shevi'is 7:1) gives a rule that specifies to which objects the laws of Shemitah apply
3)[line 7]גבי מעשרGABEI MA'ASER- in reference to the laws of Ma'aser, the Mishnah (Ma'asros 1:1) also gives a rule that specifies to which objects the laws of Ma'aser apply, however, the word "Gadol" is not used
4)[line 12]אלא (לאו) היינו טעמאELA (LAV) HAINU TA'AMA- rather [not as we have stated above, but] this is the reason
5)[line 21]פיאהPE'AH
(a)The corner, or end, of the harvest of grain must be left in the field for the poor, as it states "Lo Sechaleh Pe'as Sadecha Liktzor... le'Ani vela'Ger Ta'azov Osam" - "Do not completely harvest the corner of your field... you shall leave them (the gifts of Pe'ah, Leket, Olelos and Peret) for the poor and the stranger" (Vayikra 19:9-10).
(b)The requirement to leave Pe'ah for the poor applies to trees as well, as Chazal learn from the verse, "Ki Sachbot Zeisecha, Lo Sefa'er Acharecha; la'Ger, la'Yasom vela'Almanah Yiheyeh" - "When you beat your olive trees to shake off the fruit, do not remove all of its splendor; it (the amount that you leave as Pe'ah — Chulin 131b) shall be for the convert, the orphan and the widow" (Devarim 24:20).
(c)The Mishnah (Pe'ah 1:4) states that Pe'ah applies to any food that grows from the ground, is kept in one's possession (i.e. not Hefker), is harvested at one time and stored.
6)[line 24]אוכלOCHEL- a food
7)[line 24]נשמרNISHMAR- kept in one's possession (lit. guarded)
8)[line 25]לקיטתו כאחתLEKITASO K'ACHAS- it must be harvested in a single process, unlike the fig tree, the fruits of which ripen over an extended period of time. (This excludes not only the fig tree, but most other trees. In fact, only 8 trees are listed in the Mishnah as obligated in Pe'ah. -TOSFOS DH ul'Bar)
9)[line 25]מכניסו לקיוםMACHNISO L'KIYUM- he puts it into storage
10)[line 26]ספיחי סטיס וקוצהSEFICHEI SATIS V'KOTZAH- safflower (which produces a red dye) and woad (a plant that produces blue dye) which grew on their own from the remainder of the previous crop. The word "Sefichim" means "aftergrowth," i.e. that they grew by themselves and were not planted for harvesting this year. (RASHI - Setis usually grows this way, and is not planted year after year; TOSFOS DH Sefichei — The ruling of the Mishnah only pertains to the Sefichim of Setis, and not to Setis itself.)
11)[line 28]כמיהין ופטריותKEMEIHIN U'PITRIYOS- types of boletes, such as mushrooms, morels, and truffles
12)[line 34]שנשבהSHE'NISHBAH- that was taken captive
13)[line 39]היתה שכוח ממנוHAYESAH SHACHUACH MIMENU- it was never known to him
68b----------------------------------------68b
14)[line 33]אנן דאמרינן כמונבזANAN D'AMRINAN K'MUNBAZ- That is, Rebbi Yochanan and Reish Lakish hold partially like Munbaz. They agree with his ruling that a Tinok she'Nishbah does not bring a Korban; however they do not require that the person be aware of his transgression (Mezid) in order to be Chayav Chatas, as Munbaz does.
15)[line 34]"[האזרח בבני ישראל ולגר הגר בתוכם] תורה אחת יהיה לכם לעשה בשגגה""[HA'EZRACH BI'VNEI YISRAEL VELA'GER HA'GAR B'SOCHAM;] TORAH ACHAS YIHEYEH LACHEM LA'OSEH BI'SHEGAGAH"- "[Whether he is a native born Israelite or a proselyte who joins them;] there shall be a single law for one who does such an act inadvertently." (Bamidbar 15:29) - This verse mentions the law of Shogeg (sinning inadvertently). The next verse (see below, entry #16) mentions the law of Mezid (sinning intentionally). The juxtaposition allows a condition of the laws of Mezid to be applied to the laws of Shogeg.
16)[line 35]"והנפש אשר תעשה ביד רמה ...""VEHA'NEFESH ASHER TA'ASEH B'YAD RAMAH ..."- "However, if a person commits (such an act of idolatry) highhandedly [whether he is native born or a proselyte, he is blaspheming HaSh-m and that person shall be cut off (spiritually) from his people.]" (Bamidbar 15:30)
17)[line 38]לכדמקרי ליה ר' יהושע בן לוי לבריהLECHED'MEKAREI LEI REBBI YEHOSHUA BEN LEVI LI'VREI- the same way Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi interpreted this verse to his son