(Rava): If a man's skin folded over and a Sheretz was inside, he is Tahor, for a Sheretz has only Tum'as Maga. It is not Metamei in Beis ha'Starim;

If a Nevelah was inside, he is Tamei, for it has (also) Tum'as Masa, which is Metamei in Beis ha'Starim.

If a Sheretz was in his fold, and it was in the airspace of an (earthenware) oven, the oven is Tamei.

Objection: This is obvious! (Klei Cheres become Tamei from their airspace, whether or not they touch the Tum'ah.)

Answer: A Kli Cheres is Mekabel Tum'ah from "Tocho" (its inside), but not from Toch Tocho (Tum'ah inside a Kli inside the a Kli Cheres);

One might have thought that similarly, Tum'ah inside a fold inside the oven is not Metamei it. Rava teaches that this is not so.

(Reish Lakish): If (one end of) a reed is in the fold of a Zav and he uses it to move a Tahor (person), the Tahor person remains Tahor;

If a reed is in the fold of a Tahor and he uses it to move a Zav, the Tahor person becomes Tamei.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer: "V'Chol Asher Yiga Bo ha'Zav v'Yadav Lo Shataf ba'Mayim" refers to Heset of a Zav (something that he moved). This is the only source for such a Tum'ah in the Torah. It is called Negi'ah (touching) to teach that Heset and Negi'ah are like Yadav (his hands), i.e. exposed. (When a Tahor moves the Zav, he becomes Tamei due to (standard) Masa, even from Beis ha'Starim.)

(Mishnah): A Zav or Ba'al Keri does not become Tamei (until the Zov or semen leaves his body).

We learn about a Zav from "Zav mi'Bsaro" -- the Zov must leave him;

We learn about a Ba'al Keri from "v'Ish Ki Setzei Mimenu Shichvas Zera ."

(Mishnah): If a man was eating Terumah and felt his semen moving (it is about to come out), he should hold his Ever tightly (to delay the emission) until he swallows the Terumah. (If he would spit it out, it would become repulsive.)

Contradiction (Beraisa - R. Eliezer): One who holds his Ever while urinating causes (emission of semen, like the sin of the generation punished by) a Mabul (flood)!

Answer #1 (Abaye): The Mishnah permits holding the Ever only through a thick cloth.

Answer #2 (Rava): He may use even a thin cloth. Once the semen starts moving, it will come out in any case.

Abaye forbids, lest this cause more semen to come out.

Rava holds that once the semen starts moving, holding the Ever will not cause more to come out.

Question (against Rava - Beraisa): This is like putting a finger in the eye. As long as it is in, it causes more tears to come out.

Answer: (That applies to one who warms the Ever.) However, once the body was agitated (and semen started moving), it is unlikely that further warming will cause more to come out.

Version #1 (Shmuel): If a man's entire body does not feel semen exuding, it is not Tamei.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer: The Torah calls it Shichvas Zera. It must be able to be Mazri'a (produce a child).

Question (Mishnah): If a man thought about a woman at night, and found the Ever warm, he is Tamei (even though he did not feel anything)!

Answer (Rav Huna): The case is, he dreamed that he had Bi'ah with a woman. Surely, (if semen came out) he felt it.

Version #2 (Shmuel): If semen does not shoot out like an arrow, it is not Tamei.

Question: What is the difference between these versions?

Answer: They argue about one who felt the semen start to move, but did not feel it come out. (Version #1 is Metamei, and Version #2 is Metaher.)

Rava was unsure about this;

Question (Rava): If he felt when the semen started moving, but not when it came out, what is the law?

Answer (Mishnah): If a Ba'al Keri did not urinate (after the emission) and immersed, when he next urinates he is Tamei. (A remaining drop of semen comes out with the urine. Even though he does not feel, it is Metamei him!)

Rejection: There is different. He felt most of the semen come out, therefore the remaining drop is Metamei even if he does not feel it.

Version #3 (Shmuel): If semen does not shoot out like an arrow, it cannot be Mazri'a (impregnate).

Inference: It cannot be Mazri'a, but it is Metamei. "Ki Yiyeheh Vecha Ish... Mikreh Lailah" discusses any case.

Question (Rava): If semen of a Nochri started to flow, and it came out after he immersed (to convert), what is the law?

Even if we say that Tum'ah depends on (feeling) the start (of the flow of Dam Nidah), perhaps this is only to be stringent (to be Metamei even what came out later without Hargashah), but we are not Metaher because he was a Nochri (whose semen is Tahor) at the start;

Or, perhaps everything depends on the start, and it is Tahor?

This question is not resolved.

Question (Rava): If urine of a Zavah started to flow, and it came out after she immersed, what is the law?

Even if we say that Tum'ah depends on the start, perhaps this is only regarding semen, for a man cannot stop it from leaving, but one can hold in urine. (Therefore, it depends only on when it came out, and she was Tehorah then);

Or, perhaps we do not distinguish urine from semen?

This question is not resolved.

Question (Rava): If urine of a Nochris (mid'Rabanan she is considered a) Zavah started to flow, and it came out after she immersed (to convert), what is the law?

Even if we say that Tum'ah depends on the start, even though she can stop it from leaving, perhaps this applies only to Tum'ah mid'Oraisa of a Yisraelis, but we are not stringent about Tum'ah mid'Rabanan of a Nochris;

Or, perhaps we do not distinguish?

This question is not resolved.

(Mishnah): Any amount (of Zov or semen) is Metamei.

(Shmuel): Zov is not Metamei unless there is Chatimas (enough to fill the opening of) ha'Ever -- "Oh Hechtim Besaro mi'Zovo."

Question (Mishnah): Any amount is Tamei.

Answer: Shmuel holds like R. Nasan;

(Beraisa - R. Nasan citing R. Yishmael): Zov is not Metamei unless there is Chatimas ha'Ever;

Chachamim disagree.

R. Yishmael learns from "Oh Hechtim Besaro mi'Zovo";

Chachamim learn from this that Zov is Metamei when it is wet, but not if it is dry.

R. Yishmael learns this from "Rar."

Chachamim use "Rar" to teach that a Zav brings a Korban only after three emissions -- "Zovo (1)... Rar Besaro (2) Es Zovo (3)";

"Oh Hechtim Besaro mi'Zovo" teaches that a Zav who saw two emissions is Metamei Mishkav u'Moshav.

R. Yishmael learns that a Zav who saw three emissions brings a Korban, as R. Simai does;

(Beraisa - R. Simai): The Torah calls a Zav Tamei after two sightings, and also after three;

After two sightings he is (fully) Tamei. After three he brings a Korban.

Question: Another Tana learns both of these from "Zos Tiheyeh Tum'aso b'Zovo." What does he learn from "Ki Yiyeheh Zav mi'Bsaro"?

Answer: He learns that he is not Tamei until it leaves his body.

Question: What does he learn from "Zovo Tamei"?

Answer: This teaches that Zivah itself is Tamei.

(Rav Chanilai): One who sees (has an emission of) semen of any amount becomes Tamei; one who touches semen becomes Tamei only if he touches k'Adashah.

Question: The Mishnah says that any amount is Metamei!

Suggestion: This refers to touching.

Answer: No, it refers to seeing.

Question (Beraisa): In one respect semen is more stringent than a Sheretz. In another way it is more lenient:

Semen is more lenient. Its Tum'ah is limited (this will be explained). A Sheretz is always Tamei;

Semen is more stringent. Any amount of it is Metamei.

Suggestion: This refers to touching.

Answer: No, it refers to seeing.

Objection: The Beraisa considers this a stringency of semen over a Sheretz. Surely both refer to the same case (touching)!

Answer (Rav Ada bar Ahavah): The stringency is that sometimes semen of any amount is Tamei, this never applies to a Sheretz.

Question: A limb of a Sheretz of any size is Metamei!

(Mishnah): A (human) limb of any size is Tamei, even a less than a k'Zayis of a limb of one or Nevelah, or less than k'Adashah of a Sheretz.

Answer: A limb is different, it is like k'Adashah. If any of the limb is missing, it is not Metamei. (Tosfos - therefore, this is not considered that "any amount" is Metamei.)

Question: The Beraisa said "semen is more lenient, for its Tum'ah is limited." What does this mean?

Suggestion: Semen of a Yisrael is Tamei, but of a Nochri is not.

Rejection: Similarly, regarding Sheratzim, land mice are Teme'im, not sea mice!

Answer: Semen of a man (above nine years) is Tamei, but semen of a boy is not.

(Rav Papa): Tana'im argue about Rav Chanilai's law.

(Beraisa): "Oh Ish" -- one who touches semen becomes Tamei. (We are thinking that we cite the verse "Oh Ish" in Parshas Sheratzim.)

We know that Tana'im argue (in general) whether Dun Minah u'Minah (when a matter is learned from another matter, we learn everything from the source) or Dun Minah v'Uki b'Asra (we learn only one law from the source, but other laws are according to the matter being learned).

According to the opinion that Dun Minah u'Minah, we learn that semen is Metamei one who touches it, just like a Sheretz. We learn also that k'Adashah is Metamei;

According to the opinion that Dun Minah v'Uki b'Asra, we learn that semen is Metamei one who touches it, just like a Sheretz, but we learn from one who sees Keri that any amount is Metamei.

Rejection (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Nasan): Perhaps this refers to "Oh Ish" in the Parshah of semen, all agree that we learn from one who sees that any amount is Metamei!

They asked people who know Beraisos. Some learned like Rav Papa, and others learned like Rav Huna.

(Mishnah): A one-day old girl can become a Nidah. A 10-day old can become a Zavah;

A one-day old boy can become a Zav;

A one-day old can become a Metzora or Tamei Mes. He obligates his brother's widow (to wait until he matures) to do Yibum (or Chalitzah). He exempts his mother from Yibum. (If he is a Kohen) he permits (his mother) to eat Terumah, and he forbids (someone -- this will be explained) to eat Terumah;

He inherits and bequeaths. One who kills him is liable;

He is like a grown man with respect to his relatives. (This will be explained.)