[The Isurim of Edus] Shav and Sheker were both said in one Dibur (utterance) - a [human] mouth cannot speak [so], and a [human] ear cannot hear [so. Since they were taught in one Dibur for testimony, this equates them for Shevu'os. - SHENOS ELIYAHU Terumos 3:6]

"Zachor" (remember Shabbos) and Shmor were both said in one Dibur - a mouth cannot speak [so], and a [human] ear cannot hear [so].

"Mechaleleha Mos Yumas" and "[uv'Yom ha'Shabbos] Shnei Kevasim Bnei Shanah Temimim" (which contradicts it, for we must slaughter them on Shabbos) were both said in one Dibur - a mouth cannot speak like this, and an ear cannot hear [this].

"Ervas Eshes Achicha Lo Segaleh" and "Yevamah Yavo Aleha" were both said in one Dibur.

"V'Lo Sisov Nachalah Bnei Yisrael mi'Mateh l'Mateh" and "v'Chol Bas Yoresehes Nachalah [mi'Matos...]" were both said in one Dibur. (Mi'Matos connotes that she inherited from two Shevatim, i.e. her father and mother were from different Shevatim. If a daughter who inherits must marry someone from her Shevet, how can this be? Does the Torah discuss Resha'im?! Rather, "v'Lo Sisov..." applied only to that generation, and the Torah advises (but does not command) her to marry within her Shevet. The Gemara expounded so from "Zeh ha'Davar", but only because they were said in one Dibur - SIFRI D'VEI RAV Ki Setzei 233.)

Note: The case could arise b'Heter, e.g. a female married, and afterwards she inherited. Do not say that any female who might inherit must marry within her Shevet. Any female (except for a convert) might inherit, if all her brothers die without children! However, this is unlikely. Presumably, they were said in one Dibur to teach like SIFRI D'VEI RAV explains. (PF)

"Gedilim Ta'aseh Lecha" and "Lo Silbash Sha'atnez" were both said in one Dibur (the Mitzvah of Techeles Tzitzis overrides the Isur of Sha'atnez).

And so it says "Achas Diber Elokim Shetayim Zu Shamanu", and it says "ha'Lo Cho Devari ka'Esh Ne'um Hash-m uch'Fatish Yefotzatz Sala."

What is [Shevu'as] Shav, and what is Sheker? Shav is when he swore to contradict what people know to be true. Sheker is when he swore to switch (mislead people about something that is not known).

(R. Yakov bar Acha citing R. Yochanan): Anything that is known to two people (and he swears oppositely), this is Shevu'as Sheker. [If it is known] to three, this is Shevu'as Shav.

(R. La citing R. Lazar): Even if it is known to two [here], and one [other] at the end of the world, this is Shevu'as Shav.

Question: What is the difference [between R. Yochanan and R. Lazar? Eventually the third will come, and it will be Shav according to both of them!]

Answer: If he deviated in front of two [about an object] and threw it to the sea, and they warned him for Shevu'as Shav - according to R. Yochanan he is not lashed (the third will never see what he swore about), and according to R. Lazar he is lashed;

If they warned him for Shevu'as Sheker - according to R. Yochanan he is lashed, and according to R. Lazar he is not lashed;

(R. Ba citing R. Yehudah): Even if he swore that an egg is a pearl (this is Shevu'as Shav).

Question: Why did he saw "even"? (What is the Chidush?)

Correction: Rather, [he said that] an example [of Shav is that he swore about] an egg and a pearl.

(Beraisa #1): Just like Nidrei Havai are permitted, also Shevu'os Havai are permitted.

Contradiction (Beraisa #2): Shevu'os Havai are forbidden.

Resolution #1 (R. Yirmeyah citing R. Pedas): Here (Beraisa #2) is when he is Ma'amid (he insists that he truly saw; what he forbade becomes forbidden). Here (Beraisa #1 permits) when he is not Ma'amid (he says that he exaggerated).

Resolution #2 (R. Ba): You can even say that both discuss when he is Ma'amid. Here he makes a Shevu'ah to forbid his property. His property is permitted, but he is lashed [for Shevu'as Shav. We explained this like RASHBA Nedarim 24b DH Gemara, second Perush.]

Just like Nidrei Zeruzin (he does not intend to forbid anything. To persuade, he pretends to vow) are permitted, so Shevu'os Zeruzin are permitted.

Also this is when he makes a Shevu'ah to forbid his property. His property is permitted, but he is lashed [for Shevu'as Shav. We explained this like KORBAN HA'EDAH.]

(Chizkiyah): One who swears about two that they are two, he is lashed for Shevu'as Shav.

(R. Chagai citing Reish Lakish): One who saw rain fall and said "Master (this denotes a Shevu'ah, the rain is) great benefit for the cleaved ground!", he is lashed for Shevu'as Shav. (We explained this like the RI MI'GASH.)

(R. Chunya citing R. Yakov b'Ribi Bun citing R. Shmuel bar Nachman): There were 24 cities in the south, and all of them were destroyed due to Shevu'os Shav that were true - "la'Shav Hikisi Es Beneichem..."