1)

A SAFEK NAZIR/METZORA TAMEI (Yerushalmi Perek 8 Halachah 2 Daf 40b)

îúðé' ðæéø ùäéä èîà áñô÷ åîåçìè áñô÷ àåëì á÷ãùéí ìàçø ùùéí éåí åùåúä áééï åîéèîà ìîúéí àçø îàä åòùøéí éåí

(a)

(Mishnah): If a Nazir was Safek Tamei (Mes), and was a Safek Metzora Muchlat, he may eat Kodshim after 60 days, and drink wine and be Mitamei after 120 days.

ùúâìçú äðâò ãåçä ìúâìçú äðæéø áæîï ùäéà åãàé àáì áæîï ùäéà ñô÷ àéðä ãåçä:

1.

This is because the Aseh of Tiglachas Metzora overrides the Isur for a Nazir to shave when [the Aseh] is Vadai, but a Safek [Aseh] does not override.

âî' àé æäå îåçìè îñô÷

(b)

(Gemara) Question: What is a Safek Muchlat?

ùðéí ùáàå àöìå åäçìéè àú àçã îäï åìà äñôé÷ ìäçìéè àú äùðé òã ùðçìôå ìå æäå îåçìè áñô÷

(c)

Answer: Two [Metzora'im] came to [a Kohen], and he declared one a Muchlat, and he did not have time to declare the other a Muchlat before they became mixed with. This is a Safek Muchlat.

äãà äéà ãúðé øáé çééä ñô÷ ðæéø èîà ñô÷ ðæéø èäåø àáì ðæéø åãàé äéä ñô÷ îöåøò èîà ñô÷ îöåøò èäåø àáì îöåøò åãàé äéä

(d)

Our Mishnah teaches like R. Chiyah taught. He is a Safek Nazir Tamei, Safek Nazir Tahor, but he was a Vadai Nazir. He is a Safek Metzora Tamei (Muchlat), Safek Metzora Tahor (Musgar), but he was a Vadai Metzora.

àåëì á÷ãùéí àçø ùùéí éåí åùåúä ééï åîéèîà ìîúéí ìàçø ÷"ë éîéí

(e)

(Mishnah): He may eat Kodshim after 60 days, and drink wine and be Mitamei after 120 days.

ëéöã àîøå ìå ðæéø èîà àúä [ö"ì åàéï ðæéø èîà îâìç àìà òã ùáòä - ÷øáï äòãä] öà åîðä ùáòä åäæä åùðä (åâéìç åäáéà) [ö"ì åâìç åäáéà ÷øáï - ÷øáï äòãä]

1.

What is the case? They told him "[perhaps] you are a Nazir Tamei. Go count seven days, receive Haza'ah [from Mei Chatas on day three] and repeat [on day seven], shave and bring a Korban."

îðä ùáòä åøöä ìâìç àîøå ìå ðæéø èäåø (öà åîðä ùáòä åäùìéîï ìùìùéí) [ö"ì àúä åàéï ðæéø èäåø îâìç òã ùìùéí öà åîðä òùøéí åùìùä ìäùìéí ùìùéí âìç åäáéà ÷øáï - ÷øáï äòãä]

2.

He counted seven days and wants to shave. They told him "[perhaps] you are a Nazir Tahor, and a Nazir Tahor may not shave before 30 days. Go count 23 [more] days to complete 30."

îðä ùìùéí åøöä ìâìç àîøå ìå ðæéø èäåø àúä åàéï ðæéø èäåø îâìç àìà òì îéðé ãîéí

3.

He counted 30 and wants to shave. They told him "you are a Nazir Tahor, and a Nazir shaves only with blood [of Korbanos]."

(ä"æ îáéà òåìä åîâìç òìéä [ãó îà òîåã à] çèàú) [ö"ì ëéöã äåà òåùä îáéà òåìú áäîä åçèàú - ÷øáï äòãä] äòåó åîúðä òìéä åàåîø àí èîà äééúé äçèàú îçåáúé åäòåìä ðãáä àí èäåø äòåìä îçåáúé åäçèàú ñô÷

i.

How does he do? He brings Olas Behemah and Chatas ha'Of, and stipulates about it, and says 'if I was Tamei, the Chatas is Chovasi (my obligation), and the Olah is a Nedavah. If I was Tahor, the Olah is Chovasi, and the Chatas is [due to] Safek.'

(îâìç àú øàùå åàú æ÷ðå åàú âáåú òéðéå ëãøê ùîöåøò îâìç - ÷øáï äòãä îåç÷å) ëéöã òåùéï ìå ìäçîéø îáéà [ö"ì ôééìé ùì çøñ çãùä åðåúï ìúåëä øáéòéú îéí çééí åîáéà - ÷øáï äòãä] ùúé öéôåøé ãøåø

4.

How are we stringent on him [lest he was a Muchlat]? He brings a new flask of Cheres (earthenware), and puts in it a Revi'is of Mayim Chayim (spring water), and brings two wild birds.

ùåçè àçã îäï òì ëìé çøù òì îéí çééí çåôø å÷åáøä áôðéå åàñåøä áäðééä åâéìç øàùå åæ÷ðå åâáåú òéðéå ëãøê ùîöåøòéï îâìçéï (àåúä) [ðøàä ùö"ì àåúí]

5.

He slaughters one of them over the Kli Cheres, over the Mayim Chayim. [The Shochet] digs and buries it in front of [the Metzora], and it is Asur b'Hana'ah. He shaves his head, beard and eyebrows like Metzora'im shave them.

i.

Note: If he is not a Muchlat, there is a Mitzvah to shave only the head. Below, we discuss whether a man may shave his beard amidst Safek. AVNEI NEZER (YD 86:6, b'Hagahah) says that he uses a potion to make the hair of the beard fall out, and also the Pe'os, and shaves the rest. (The first Tiglachas is a Mitzvah, and overrides the Isur to cut the Pe'os, but perhaps the second shaving is not a Mitzvah, e.g. he was a Nazir Tahor and not a Muchlat.) A potion is needed only for the five corners of the beard; he can shave the rest. (Then, they knew where the corners are. - PF)

åîåðéï ùìùéí éåí åîáéà òåìú áäîä àçøú åîúðä òìéä åàåîø àí èîà äééúé äòåìä äøàùåðä ðãáä åæå çåáä åäçèàú îçåáúé åàí èäåø äééúé äòåìä äøàùåðä çåáä åæå ðãáä åäçèàú ñô÷

6.

He counts 30 days and brings another Olas Behemah, and stipulates about it, and says 'if I was Tamei, the first Olah was Nedavah, and this is Chovah, and Chatas [ha'Of that I brought before] was Chovasi. And if I was Tahor, the first Olah was Chovah, and this is Nedavah, and the Chatas was [due to] Safek.

îâìç øàùå åæ÷ðå åâáåú òéðéå ëãøê ùîöåøò îâìç

7.

He shaves his head, beard and eyebrows like Metzora'im shave them.

ø"ù àåîø ìîçøú äåà îáéà àùîå (åìåâ ùîï òì âáéå) [ö"ì åìåâå òîå åîòîéãå áùòø ð÷ðåø - ÷øáï äòãä] åîúðä òìéä åàåîø àí (èîà äééúé äøé äåà çåáúé åàí ìàå äøé äåà ñôé÷é) [ö"ì îöåøò àðé ä"æ àùîå åìåâå òîå åàí ìàå àùí æä éäà ùìîé ðãáä - ÷øáï äòãä]

8.

R. Shimon says, the next day, he brings his Asham and his Log [of oil] with it, and stands [the Asham] in Sha'ar Nikanor, and he stipulates about it, and says 'if I am a Metzora [Muchlat], this is my Asham and its Log with it. If not, this Asham is a Shelamim of Nedavah';

(åéùçåè áöôåï åèòåï îúï áäåðåú åðàëì ìæëøé ëäåðä áëì î÷åí) [ö"ì åàùí æä ðùçè áöôåï åèòåï îúï áäåðåú åñîéëä åðñëéí åúðåôä åçæä åùå÷ åðàëì ìæëøé ëäåðä - ÷øáï äòãä] ìéåí åìéìä òã çöåú

i.

This Asham is slaughtered in the north, and it needs Matanos [of blood] on the [ear and] Behonos (thumb and big toe), Semichah, Nesachim, Tenufah of Chazah v'Shok, and male Kohanim eat it for one day and a night until midnight.

àáì çëîéí ìà äåãå ìøáé ùîòåï ùäåà îáéà àú ä÷ãùéí ìáéú äôñåì

9.

However, Chachamim did not agree with R. Shimon, for he brings Kodshim to Beis ha'Pesul. (Perhaps it is really a Shelamim, which anyone may eat for two days, anywhere in Yerushalayim. Now that you offer it for a Safek Asham, this limits who may eat it, and the time and place to eat it. Perhaps some will become Nosar, and need to be burned!)

(äáéà) [ö"ì ìäáéà - ÷øáï äòãä] çèàú áäîä àéðå éëåì ùàéï (ìå çèàú áäîä) [ö"ì áäîä áàä òì äñô÷ - ÷øáï äòãä] çèàú äòåó àéðå éëåì ùäøé òùéø ùäáéà ÷øáï òðé ìà éöà

10.

To bring Chatas Behemah (that is Me'akev his Taharah), he cannot, for one may not bring Chatas Behemah amidst Safek. He cannot bring Chatas ha'Of, for an Ashir who brought Chatas ha'Of was not Yotzei.

ëéöã éòùä éëúåá ðëñéå ìàçø åéáéà ÷øáï òðé ðîöà (òùéø) [ö"ì òðé - ÷øáï äòãä] îáéà çèàú òåó åîúðä òìéä åàåîø àí (èîà äééúé äøé æä) [ö"ì îöåøò àðé - ÷øáï äòãä] çåáúé åàí ìàå äøé äåà ñô÷

11.

How does he do? He writes [a document giving] his property to someone else, and he brings Korban Oni. It turns out that he is an Oni. He brings Chatas ha'Of and stipulates about it, and says 'if I am a Metzora, this is Chovasi. If not, this is Safek.'

àåëì á÷ãùéí îéã [ö"ì àáì - ÷øáï äòãä] ìùúåú ééï åìéèîà ìîúéí àéðå éëåì ùàéï (ðæéøåúå òåìä ìå îúåê) [ö"ì éîé ðæøå òåìéï ìå áúåê éîé - ÷øáï äòãä] öøòúå

12.

He may eat Kodshim immediately. However, to drink wine and become Tamei Mes, he cannot, for the days of his Nezirus do not count for him amidst his days of Tzara'as.

ëéöã òåùéï ìå ëãáøé áï æåîà äøé æä îåðä ùìùéí éåí åîáéà òåìú áäîä åîâìç òìéä çèàú äòåó åîúðä òìéä åàåîø àí èîà äééúé äçèàú îçåáúé åäòåìä ðãáä àí èäåø äééúé äòåìä îçåáúé åçèàú ñô÷

13.

How do we do for him? According to Ben Zoma [who does not obligate finding someone else to vow corresponding to him], he counts 30 days and brings Olas Behemah and shaves [relying] on it. He brings Chatas ha'Of, and stipulates about it 'if I was Tamei, the Chatas is Chovah and the Olah is Nedavah. If I was Tahor, the Olah is Chovasi and the Chatas is Safek.'

îåðä ùìùéí éåí åîáéà ÷øáðåúéå ùìîéï åîúðä òìéäï åàåîø àí èîà äééúé äòåìä äøàùåðä ðãáä åæå çåáä åàí èäåø äééúé äòåìä äøàùåðä çåáä [ãó îà òîåã á] åæå ðãáä åäçèàú ñô÷ åîâìç ùåúä ééï åîèîà ìîúéí îéã

14.

He counts 30 days and brings all his Korbanos and stipulates about them. He says 'if I was Tamei, the first Olah was Nedavah and this is Chovah. If I was Tahor, the Olah was Chovah and this is Nedavah, and the Chatas is Safek.' He shaves, and he may drink wine and become Tamei Mes immediately.

áã"à áæîï ùðæø (îúåê éîé ðæéøåúå àáì àí ðæø îúåê éîé öøòúå àåëì á÷ãùéí àôéìå) [ö"ì ùìùéí àáì ðæø é"á çãù àåëì á÷ãùéí - ÷øáï äòãä] ìàçø ùúé ùðéí ùåúä áééï åîèîà àçø ã' ùðéí

15.

Limitation: When is this? It is when he vowed Nezirus for 30 days, for 30 days. However, if he vowed Nezirus for 12 months, he may eat Kodshim after two years, and he may drink wine and become Tamei Mes after four years;

àîø øáé éåçðï æå ãáøé áï æåîà àáì ãáøé çëîéí ìòåìí äåà áçìéèå òã ùéðéó äàùí

16.

(R. Yochanan): This is Ben Zoma's opinion, but Chachamim say, he remains Chalut until he does Tenufah on the Asham. (They hold that the Asham is Me'akev.)

[ö"ì øáé æòéøà áùí øáé éåãï îúðéúà àîøä ëï ùøáé ùîòåï àåîø ëéåï ùðæø÷ òìéå àçã îï äãîéï äåúø äðæéø ìùúåú ééï åìéèîà ìîúéí - ÷äéìú éò÷á]

(f)

Support (R. Ze'ira citing R. Yudan - Beraisa - R. Shimon): Once the blood of one of the [Korbanos] was thrown, the Nazir is permitted to drink wine and become Tamei Mes. (Also there, Rabanan argue and say that Tenufah of the Zero'a Besehlah is Me'akev!)

øáé éøîéä áòé [ö"ì òã - ÷øáï äòãä] ùéðéó äàùí éäà æä áçìéèå

(g)

Question (R. Yirmeyah): Until he does Tenufah on the Asham, he will remain Chalut?! (Chachamim should permit bringing Asham with a stipulation, even though it brings Kodshim to Beis ha'Pesul, in order that he can become Tahor!)

àîø ìéä øáé éåñé ìîä ìà îöéðå ëîä àùîåú ãåçéï îôðé ñôé÷åú

(h)

Answer (R. Yosi): Why not? (It is reasonable that the Asham is Nidcheh due to the Safek!) We find several Ashamos that are Nidchim due to Sefekos!

ãúðéðï úîï àùí ùðúòøá áùìîéí øáé ùîòåï àåîø ùðéäí éùçèå áöôåï åéàëìå ëçåîø ùáäï

1.

(Mishnah): If an Asham became mixed with Shelamim, R. Shimon says, both of them are slaughtered in the north, and they are eaten with the stringencies in them (male Kohanim eat it in the Mikdash for one day and a night).

àîøå ìå àéï îáéàéï ÷ãùéí ìáéú äôñåì

2.

Chachamim: [No, for] we do not bring Kodshim to Beis ha'Pesul.

øáé éò÷á ãøåîéà áòà ÷åîé øáé éåñé åéòùå ìå ú÷ðä ìééðå

(i)

Question (R. Yakov of the south, to R. Yosi): [Even if he cannot offer the Asham] we should make a solution for him to [bring Korban Nazir Tahor, and drink] wine! (We explained this like KEHILAS YAKOV Nazir 17/18.)

àîø ìéä [áîãáø å éç] åâìç äðæéø ôúç àäì îåòã äøàåé ìáåà àì ôúç àäì îåòã éöà æä ùàéðå øàåé ìáåà àì àäì îåòã

(j)

Answer (R. Yosi): "V'Gilach ha'Nazir Pesach Ohel Mo'ed" - one who is proper to come to Pesach Ohel Mo'ed. This excludes this one, who cannot come to Ohel Mo'ed (he is Mechusar Kipurim until he offers his Asham).

(øáé æòéøà áùí øáé éåãï îúðéúà àîøä ëï ùøáé ùîòåï àåîø ëéåï ùðæø÷ òìéå àçã îï äãîéï äåúø äðæéø ìùúåú ééï åìéèîà ìîúéí - ôðé îùä îåç÷å îëàï åâåøñå ìòéì) åàéðå àñåø àìà îùåí áì úùçú

(k)

Support (R. Ze'ira citing R. Yudan - Beraisa - R. Shimon): Once the blood of one of the [Korbanos] was thrown, the Nazir is permitted to drink wine and become Tamei Mes. He is forbidden only Bal Tashchis (shaving the corners of the beard).

ùòøå îäå

(l)

Question: What is the law of his hair? (A regular Nazir's hair is Asur b'Hana'ah, for it is destined for Tiglachas Nazir. However, here it is destined for Tiglachas Metzora. A regular Metzora's hair is Mutar!)

øáé éò÷á áø àçà àéúôìâåï øáé éåçðï åøáé ùîòåï áï ì÷éù øáé éåçðï àîø ùòøå àñåø øáé ùîòåï áï ì÷éù àîø ùòøå îåúø

(m)

Answer (R. Yakov bar Acha): R. Yochanan and Reish Lakish argued about this. R. Yochanan said that his hair is Asur (for he holds that all laws of Nezirus apply even after he became a Metzora), and Reish Lakish said that his hair is Mutar (he is not a full Nazir while he has Tzara'as. We explained this like KEHILAS YAKOV Nazir 17/18.)

øáé æòéøà áòé áîöåøò ùðæø ôìéâéï àå áðæéø ùðöèøò ôìéâéï

(n)

Question (R. Ze'ira): Do they argue about a Metzora who accepted Nezirus, or about a Nazir who became a Metzora?

àéï úéîø áîöåøò ùðæø ôìéâéï äà áðæéø ùðöèøò ãáøé äëì äåà àñåø

1.

If you will say that they argue about a Metzora who accepted Nezirus, however, if a Nazir became a Metzora, all agree that it is forbidden (even if new growth is permitted, it is not Mevatel the hair that he already has, which is forbidden);

àéï úéîø áðæéø ùðöèøò ôìéâéï äà áîöåøò ùðæø ãáøé äëì îåúø

2.

If you will say that they argue about a Nazir who became a Metzora, however, a Metzora who accepted Nezirus, all agree that it is permitted.

øáé éøîéä ôùéèà ìéä áîöåøò ùðæø ôìéâéï äà áðæéø ùðöèøò ãáøé äëì àñåø

(o)

Answer: It was clear to R. Yirmeyah that they argue about a Metzora who accepted Nezirus, however, if a Nazir became a Metzora, all agree that it is forbidden.

úâìçú îöåä îäå ùúãçä ìúâìçú äøùåú [ö"ì îñô÷ - ôðé îùä]

(p)

Question: Does Tiglachas Mitzvah [of a Metzora] override Tiglachas of Reshus (Pe'os ha'Rosh and of the beard) amidst Safek (e.g. a Safek Muchlat)?

ðéùîòéðä îï äãà åîâìç øàùå åæ÷ðå åâáåú òéðéå ëãøê ùîöåøòéï îâìçéï

(q)

Answer: We learn from the following. He shaves his head, beard and eyebrows like Metzora'im shave;

åçù ìåîø ùîà [ö"ì ìàå - ÷äéìú éò÷á éæ/éç] úâìçú îöåä äééú (øáé æòéøà áùí øáé éåãï îúðéúà àîøä ëï ùøáé ùîòåï àåîø ëéåï ùðæø÷ òìéå àçã îï äãîéï äåúø äðæéø ìùúåú ééï åìéèîà ìîúéí - ÷äéìú éò÷á îåç÷å îëàï åâåøñå ìòéì) åàéðå àñåø (àìà - ðøàä ùöøéê ìîç÷å) îùåí áì úùçú

1.

Should he not be concerned lest this was not Tiglachas Mitzvah?! Is it not forbidden due to Bal Tashchis (shaving the corners of the beard?! Rather, this shows that it is permitted amidst Safek.)

ùîåàì áø àáà àîø úéôúø áñøéñ

(r)

Rebuttal (Shmuel bar Aba): The case is, he is a Seris [who has no beard].

åäà úðéðï æ÷ï àéú ìê îéîø ñøéñ

(s)

Rejection (of rebuttal): It says [that he shaves his] beard. Can you say that he is a Seris?!

[ãó îá òîåã à] ìéú ìê àìà ëãàîø øáé éò÷á áùí øáé éåçðï ðèìï îìîèï ìîòìï àñåø

(t)

Conclusion: You can [reject the answer only regarding Pe'os ha'Rosh,] like R. Yakov taught in the name of R. Yochanan. If he removed [the sideburns] from below to above (i.e. before shaving the rest of his head), it is forbidden. (We cannot learn that Safek Tiglachas Mitzvah overrides Tiglachas of Reshus from Pe'os ha'Rosh, for it is always permitted to shave the rest of his head and then the sideburns, i.e. Hakafas Kol ha'Rosh. However, the proof from the beard remains.)

øáé éåñé áø àáéï àîø ìà ùðééà äéà ìîèï ìîòìï äéà ìîòìï ìîèï

(u)

(R. Yosi bar Avin): There is no difference. [Removing] from below to above is the same as from above to below. (Both are forbidden. We can learn that Safek Tiglachas Mitzvah overrides Tiglachas of Reshus also from Pe'os ha'Rosh. We explained this like PNEI MOSHE.)

èîà áñô÷ îåçìè åãàé àåëì ÷ãùéí ìàçø (ùùéí) [ö"ì ùîðä - ÷øáï äòãä] éåí åùåúä ééï åîéèîà ìîúéí ìàçø (îàä åòùøéí) [ö"ì ùùéí åùîðä - ÷øáï äòãä] éåí

(v)

If he was Safek [Nazir] Tamei and Vadai Muchlat, he eats Kodshim after eight days, and drinks wine and become Tamei Mes after 68 days. (He does the first Tiglachas Metzora immediately, and the second on day seven, and brings Korbanos the next day. He must wait 30 days before Tiglachas Nazir Tamei, for perhaps he is really Tahor, and another 30 for Tiglachas Taharah.)

èîà ååãàé îåçìè áñô÷ àåëì á÷ãùéí ìàçø (òùøéí) [ö"ì ùáòä åùìùéí - ÷øáï äòãä] éåí åùåúä ééï åîéèîà ìîúéí ìàçø (î"ã) [ö"ì ò"ã - ÷øáï äòãä] éåí

(w)

If he was Tamei Vadai and Safek Muchlat, he eats Kodshim after 37 days, and he may drink wine and become Tamei Mes after 74 days. (He cannot do the first Tiglachas until day seven, for perhaps he is not a Muchlat, and only Nazir Tamei. He must wait 30 days before the next Tiglachas, lest he was not a Muchlat, and now he is in Nezirus Taharah. Similarly, he must wait seven and 30 days to do the third and four shavings.)

èîà åãàé îåçìè åãàé àåëì á÷ãùéí ìàçø ùîåðú éîéí ùåúä áééï åîéèîà ìîúéí àçø î"ã éåí

(x)

If he was Tamei Vadai and Muchlat Vadai, he eats Kodshim after eight days, and he may drink wine and become Tamei Mes after 44 days. (He does the first Tiglachas Metzora immediately, and the second on day seven, and brings Korbanos the next day. He does Tiglachas Nazir Tamei on day 14, and Tiglachas Taharah on day 44.)

àîø øáé àáà îøé àçåé ãøáé éåñé æàú àåîøú ùäúòø ñåúø áðæéø èîà ùáòä:

(y)

Inference (R. Aba Mari, the brother of R. Yosi): This teaches that shaving is Soser seven days for a Nazir Tamei. (After the second Tiglachas Metzora, he must wait another seven days before Tiglachas Nazir Tamei.)

äãøï òìê ôø÷ ùðé ðæéøéí
HADRAN ALACH PEREK SHNEI NEZIRIM