1)

What is the meaning of "Maru"?

1.

Rashi: They angered Him. This is like "Mamrim Heyisem Im Hashem" (Devarim 9:7).

2.

Radak: It is rebellion, like "Merisem Pi" (Bamidbar 27:4). After He redeemed them from the affliction, they rebelled against His word and did not heed His voice and Ru'ach Kodsho.

3.

Malbim: They switched (did unlike) His Mitzvos.

2)

What is "Ru'ach Kodsho"?

1.

Radak citing Targum Yonasan: It is the Nevi'im's words said with Ru'ach ha'Kodesh.

3)

What is "Itzevu"?

1.

Radak: This is vexing, like "Kamah Yamruhu va'Midbar Ya'atzivuhu" (Tehilim 78:40).

2.

Malbim: The verse depicts that they saddened Ru'ach Kodsho via causing Him to punish them for their rebellion, like a father is pained when he strokes his beloved son.

4)

How did Hashem reverse to be an enemy?

1.

Radak: As opposed to redeeming them from an enemy, He fought them, and all their matters came in an evil way, until they said 'this is from Elokim.'

2.

Malbim: Initially, He was pained due to their pain. Afterwards, He was like an enemy who rejoices over their evil - "v'Hayah Ka'asher Sas Hashem Aleichem Leheitiv Eschem Ken Yasis 1 Hashem Aleichem Leha'avid Eschem" (Devarim 28:63)


1

Megilah 10b: Hashem does not rejoice over punishing Resha'im; He makes others rejoice over this. It says "Yasis", and not 'Yasos'. (Why does Malbim explain unlike this? - PF)

5)

Why does it say "Nilcham Bam"?

1.

Malbim: Afterwards, not only did He abandon them to the enemy and rejoice over their plight. He actively fought and harmed them. Their punishment was not natural, rather, via Hashgachah - "Ki Tzuram Mecharam va'Shem Hisgiram" (Devarim 32:30).

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