Why did David compose this Mizmor?
Malbim: In it, he argues with his generation, who cast doubt on Emunah in Hashgachah, for the Rasha besieges the Tzadik and Hashem does not do Mishpat. David answers that this tests people. If He would punish Resha'im immediately, there would be no place for choice, reward and punishment. Everyone would serve Hashem from fear of punishment. Hiding Hashgachah tests Tzadikim who truly serve Hashem, and increases their reward.
For what did David trust in Hashem?
Rashi: He trusted in Him to return him [to Eretz Yisrael].
Radak: Even though I flee, I trust in Him to save me.
Malbim: I trust in His Hashgachah Pratis.
Whom does David address?
Radak: He addresses his enemies who told Sha'ul where David wants to escape, e.g. "va'Yugad l'Sha'ul Ki Va David Ke'ilah" (Shmuel I, 23:7).
Radak (2, citing Shocher Tov): They are the nations. They were happy to exile Yisrael from their place.
What is the meaning of "Eich Tomru l'Nafshi Nudi Harchem Tzipor"?
Rashi: This is like "Ki Gershuni ha'Yom me'Histape'ach b'Nachalas Hashem" (Shmuel I, 26:19) - I was expelled from Eretz Yisrael to Chutz la'Aretz. How do you who expel my soul and tell me to pass from your mountain 1 , for I am a roaming bird? You expelled me from the entire mountain, like a roaming bird.
Malbim: You say that my wandering on your mountain and being chased via my enemies is like a roaming bird - it is chance, without Hashgachah. You [want to] prove from here that Hashem does not supervise.
Radak: "Harchem" is like me'Harchem. Also "Elchanan Ben Dod Beis Lechem" (Shmuel II, 23:24) is like mi'Beis Lechem, "Ad Yikom Goy Oyvav" (Yehoshua 10:13) is like me'Oyvav.
Why is it written Nudo, and we pronounce it Nudi?
Rashi: The writing refers to Yisrael; the nations say so to them. (The pronunciation refers to David.)
Radak: The writing refers to the body and Nefesh; his haters told him that his body will perish; Gehinom will kill it, and also his Nefesh, for he is a Rasha. His soul will perish and wander - "Yekale'enah b'Soch Kaf ha'Kala" (Shmuel I, 25:29). The pronunciation refers to his Nefesh; it conducts the body.
Radak (2, citing Shocher Tov): The writing refers to Hashem and Yisrael below. "K'Tzipor Nodedes Min Kinah Ken Ish Noded mi'Mekomo" (Mishlei 27:8) - "Ish" refers to Hashem - "Hashem Ish Milchamah" (Shemos 15:3). "Mekomo" is the Beis ha'Mikdash - "Zos Menuchasi Adei Ad 1 " (below, 132:14).
Perhaps this verse proves that "Makom la'Shem Mishkenos la'Avir Yakov" (132:5) refers to the Beis ha'Mikdash. (PF)
Why do they call him "Tzipor"?
Rashi: Any person who is relocated is compared to a roaming bird - "k'Tzipor Nodedes Min Kinah Ken Ish Noded mi'Mekomo" (Mishlei 27:8). Radak - Tzipor wanders from nest to nest, and from mountain to mountain. The prefix Chaf of comparison is omitted, like "Gur Aryeh Yehudah", "Yisachar Chamor Garem" (Bereishis 49:9, 14) and similar verses.
