1)

(a)We query Rabah from Kodshei Kodshim that one Shechted on the north side of the Azarah as Kodshim Kalim. We reject the suggestion that here too, the two are distinguishable (because, had the Korban been Kodshim Kalim, they would have Shechted it in the south) on the basis of the Mishnah in Zevachim - which permits the Shechitah of Kodshim Kalim anywhere in the Azarah (because whenever we speak of Shechitas Kodshim Kalim in the south, it comes to include the south, not to preclude the north).

(b)We answer the Kashya on Rabah from the reverse case (Kodshim Kalim that one Shechted in the south as Kodshei Kodshim) - based on people's reactions. What they will say, is that really the Korban is Kodshei Kodshim that were erroneously Shechted in the south (not like the previous reason that we gave to explain Rebbi Shimon [see Tosfos DH 'u'Me'aver']).

(c)We query that however, in that - why did we not give the same answer by a Minchas Marcheshes, with which the Kohen performed the Kemitzah as a Minchas al ha'Machavas?

(d)And we dispense with the Kashya, based on the Mishnah at the end of the Masechta, where the Tana rules that if someone declares 'Harei Alai be'Machavas', and he then brings a Minchas Marcheshes, or vice-versa - it actually becomes a Minchas Marcheshes, only the owner has not fulfilled his Neder (and the two remain distinguishable [in which case, she'Lo li'Shemah will be Kasher, according to Rebbi Shimon).

2)

(a)We query this however from the Mishnah there, where the Tana rules that once the owner actually designates the Minchah ('Harei Zu Lehavi be'Machavas ... '), the Minchah will be Pasul, should he change to the other K'li - from which we see that once the Minchah has been designated, placing it in the other K'li does not change its status. In that case, the two Menachos are indistinguishable, and the Kashya remains, that Shinuy Kodesh ought to invalidate the Minchah, according to Rebbi Shimon.

(b)And we answer by establishing this Mishnah like the Rabbanan. Rebbi Shimon rules there that - even in the case of Harei Zu ... , the Minchah is not only Kasher, but the owner has fulfilled his Neder, a proof that he ignores the designation, and goes by the K'li in which the Minchah is brought, like we explained.

(c)Consequently, in the case where the Kohen performs the Kemitzah from a Minchah al ha'Machavas as a Minchas Marcheshes (because the owner told him that this what he originally undertook to bring) - the Minchah is indeed a Minchah al ha'Machavas, and is clearly recognizable as such, in which case, Shinuy Kodesh will not invalidate it.

(d)In the case where the Kohen sprinkled the Chatas ha'Of below the Chut ha'Sikra as an Olas ha'Of, we could not answer that the two are not easily distinguishable because people will say that it is an Olas ha'Of that was erroneously sprinkled below the Chut ha'Sikra - since that would entail two errors, Haza'ah instead of Mitzuy, and below the Chut instead of above (and that is something that no-one will suspect the Kohen of doing [see also Tosfos DH 'u'Me'aver']).

3)

(a)We ask why, if someone Shechted an Olah as a Chatas it is not Kasher according to Rebbi Shimon, seeing as an Olah is a Zachar, and a Chatas, a Nekeivah (rendering them clearly distinguishable). If it was Kasher, there would be a problem - because Rebbi Shimon differentiates between Menachos, which are clearly distinguishable, and Zevachim, which are not.

(b)And we answer that - the Chatas might well be a Chatas Nasi, which is a Zachar, too.

(c)We refute this however, on two scores; one of them, that we can still ask from a case where the Shochet specifically Shechted it as a Chatas Yachid (which can only be a Zachar); the other that - we can still ask from the case of where they Shechted a Chatas Yachid as an Olah.

(d)We refute the suggestion that both a Chatas Nekeivah and an Olas Zachar are covered by the Alyah (the fat-tail), so that they are not easily distinguishable - by switching the Kashya to a Chatas that is a goat, which does not have a large Alyah.

4)

(a)We finally answer that an Olah and a Chatas are not considered clearly distinguishable - simply because people do not take note of the fact that one is a Zachar, and the other a Nekeivah.

(b)We then ask that, according to Rebbi Shimon, a Pesach that one Shechted as an Asham ought to be Kasher - because the former is a lamb in its first year, whereas the latter is a ram already in its second.

(c)We answer that it is nevertheless not easily distinguishable, because of an Asham Nazir and Asham Metzora - which are lambs in their first year, just like the Pesach.

(d)We refute this answer however - inasmuch as we can still ask from Pesach and Asham Gezeilos and Me'ilos (either where he brought a Pesach as one of them, or where he brought one of them as a Pesach).

5)

(a)We finally refute the Kashya from Pesach and Asham - by referring to a lamb that (is almost one year old and) resembles a ram, and to a ram that (has only just turned one and) that still resembles a lamb. Consequently, one cannot consider the two as being easily distinguishable.

(b)What makes a goat clearly distinguishing from a sheep is - the fact that it does not have fleece like the latter.

(c)We answer the Kashya from ...

1. ... a goat that is Shechted as an Asham in that - people will think that it is a black sheep (since goats are generally black).

2. ... a calf or a bull that is Shechted as a Pesach, which really is distinguishable - with Ein Hachi Nami (one that is brought in the name of the other will indeed be Kasher, according to Rebbi Shimon).

(d)And when Rebbi Shimon differentiates between Menachos (which are easily distinguishable and therefore Kasher she'Lo li'Sheman) and Zevachim (which are not), he meant - the majority of cases regarding Zevachim.

6)

(a)Rava resolves the contradiction in Rebbi Shimon's two statements by differentiating between bringing (performing the Kemitzah) one Minchah as another Minchah, and bringing a Minchah as a different Korban - meaning that as long as he brings one Minchah as another Minchah, the owner has fulfilled his obligation, but not if he brings it as a Zevach ...

(b)... and he learns this from the Pasuk in Tzav "ve'Zos Toras ha'Minchah" - implying that whichever Minchah one brings any type of Minchah as, it is Kasher ...

(c)... but not as a Zevach - since the Torah does not write 'Zos Toras ha'Minchah ve'ha'Zevach'.

(d)And he explains Rebbi Shimon's words ...

1. ... 'Mipnei she'Ma'asav Mochichin alehah' to mean that - in spite of the fact that the Menachos are clearly different (which he refers to as Machshavah de'Lo Mink'ra [which is a reason to invalidate them, according to him] so that people should not think that one is permitted to switch from one Korban to another), the Minchah is Kasher, due to the Pasuk.

2. ... 'Aval bi'Zevachim Eino Kein, Shechitah Achas le'Kulan' ... that - on the other hand, in the case of Zevachim, where any Korban is Shechted as another one, the owner ought to have fulfilled his obligation (seeing as the Shechitos ... are all the same) ...

(e)... and the reason that it is Pasul is because - the Torah writes "Zos Toras ha'Minchah" and not 'Zos Toras ha'Minchah ve'ha'Zevach', as we explained.

7)

(a)We query Rava from the Pasuk in Tzav "ve'Zos Toras ha'Chatas" - which Rebbi Shimon ought to Darshen in the same way as he Darshens "Zos Toras ha'Minchah" ('Torah Achas le'Chol ha'Chata'os'), and validate a Chatas Cheilev that is Shechted as a Chatas Dam, Avodas-Kochavim, Nazir or Metzora, and that the owner should even be Yotzei ...

(b)... a problem - because the Mishnah in Zevachim, which precludes the Korban Pesach and the Korban Chatas from the principle that renders Kasher all Kodshim that are Shechted she'Lo li'Sheman.

(c)And we answer that - to Rebbi Shimon, a Pesach and a Chatas are indeed included in the principle, and that the Mishnah in Zevachim goes according to the Rabbanan.

8)

(a)According to the Rabbanan, Rava draws a distinction between whether one Shechts a Chatas Cheilev as a Chatas Dam or as a Chatas Avodas-Kochavim on the one hand - in which case the Rabbanan concede that the Korban is Kasher, or whether one Shechts a Chatas Dam as a Chatas Nazir or Metzora, on the other - where they do not.

(b)And when he presents the reason for this as Hani (the latter two) Olos Bahadayhu Ninhu, he means that - since an Olah is brought together with them, if we would declare it Kasher, people would think that it is being brought as the Olah, and validate a Chatas that is brought as another Korban.

(c)Alternatively, we might explain this as if it had written Hani Olos Ninhu - because Chatas Nazir and Chatas Metzora come, not to atone (like a Chatas Cheilev), but to permit the Nazir to drink wine, and the Metzora to enter the camp.

(d)We reject the interpretation that they require Nesachim like Olos - on the grounds that it is only a Chatas Metzora that requires Nesachim, but not a Chatas Nazir.

9)

(a)Rav Acha b'rei de'Rava explains the Pasuk "Ve'shachat osah le'Chatas" to mean that - a Chatas is only Kasher if it is Shechted as the Chatas that it really is. Otherwise, even if a Chatas Cheilev is Shechted as a Chatas Dam, it is Pasul (as if it had written 've'Shachat le'Osah Chatas').

10)

(a)We already cited Rav Ashi's solution to the discrepancy between Rebbi Shimon's rulings 'Ka'an Kometz Machavas le'Shem Marcheshes, Ka'an be'Kometz Minchas Machavas le'Shem Minchas Marcheshes'. It is not Pasul in the Reisha - because a Machshavah on the K'li alone is not a proper Machshavah.

(b)And he explains Rebbi Shimon's words ...

1. ... 'Mipnei she'Ma'asehah Mochichin' to be (not a reason as to why she'Lo li'Shemah is Kasher, as Rabah explained, but) - a reason as to why it might be Pasul (teaching us that it is Kasher in spite of the fact that the Avodas ha'Korban is very different [like Rava learned]), because the more different the one Korban is from the other, the greater the danger that one might come to permit changing one Korban for another.

2. ... 'Aval bi'Zevachim Eino Chein; Shechitah Achas le'Chulan ... ' to mean that - even though the Avodas ha'Korban is the same, it is nevertheless Pasul, because he thought about the Korban, and not about the K'li.

(c)We counter Rav Acha b'rei de'Rava's Kashya from Chareivah le'Shem Belulah (where there is no K'li involved), yet Rebbi Shimon does not invalidate it - by interpreting le'Shem Belulah to mean that he performed the Kemitzah in order to subsequently mix it (which is no less abstract than le'Shem Marcheshes, because he did not think about the Korban).

(d)However, the case of Olah le'Shem Shelamim (which Rebbi Shimon invalidates) is different. There, he means (not that he is bringing the Olah in the name of peace, but) - the Korban Shelamim, since Shelamim is the name of the Korban (as is Belulah ba'Shemen, but not Belulah on its own).

11)

(a)The reason that ...

1. ... Rava and Rav Ashi decline to learn like Rabah is - because in their opinion, when his words appear false, that is reason to invalidate the Korban (not to validate it, as Rabah holds).

2. ... Rabah and Rav Ashi decline to learn like Rava - because they do not agree with his interpretation of "Zos Toras ha'Minchah" (Torah Achas le'Chol ha'Menachos [since nowhere do we find Rebbi Shimon validating a Chatas Cheilev as a Chatas Nazir]).

3. ... Rabah and Rava decline to learn like Rav Ashi - because of Rav Acha b'rei de'Rav's Kashya (from Chareivah le'Shem Belulah [since they consider Belulah to be as much the name of the Korban as Belulah be'Shemen).

(b)Rav Hoshaya asked (some say that he asked Rebbi Asi) what Rebbi Shimon will hold with regard to someone who brings a Minchah as a Zevach - whether Rebbi Shimon's reason is because Ta'ama de'Mink'ra (which is the case here) does not invalidate (like Rabah), or because he Darshens "Zos Toras ha'Minchah" (and not 'Zos Toras ha'Minchah ve'ha'Zevach' [like Rava]), in which case it will be Pasul here, too.

(c)He did not resolve the She'eilah ...

1. ... like Rabah - because of Abaye's Kashya (Michdi ... Mah li Shinuy Kodesh, Mah li Shinuy Ba'alim).

2. ... like Rava - because he does not Darshen "ve'Zos Toras ha'Chatas" like him.

3. ... like Rav Ashi - because of Rav Acha b'rei de'Rava's Kashya.