(Mishnah): What is a big city? It is one that has 10 Batlanim. Less than this, it is [considered] a village. In these, they said that we [read] early, but not later;

However, the times of Eitzei Kohanim and of the people (when certain families would donate wood for the Mizbe'ach), Tish'ah b'Av (and other fasts); Chagigah (the Shelamim that one must offer on each festival) and Hakhel (reading the Torah in the presence of all of Israel on the second day of Sukos, when any of these fall on Shabbos), we delay them, but do not advance them.

Even though we may [read the Megilah] earlier and not later, eulogies and fasting are permitted on that day and [one may fulfill] Matanos l'Evyonim [on that day].

(R. Yehudah): When is this? It is in a place where [villagers] enter on Mondays and Thursdays, but in a place where they do not enter on Mondays or Thursdays, we read it only on its proper time.

(Gemara - Beraisa): The 10 are Batel (idle) from their work, [so they are always] in the Beis ha'Keneses.

R. Yehudah says, it is people like us who do not need [to interrupt for anything] from our learning.

(Beraisa): A village without 10 [Batlanim], its Tikun (fixing) is [through] its ruin, and it becomes like a city. (I.e. it is esteemed to read only on the 14th when it lacks 10 Batlanim. Aruch ha'Shulchan - the villages had their own Beis ha'Keneses in the city. If the village lacks 10 [Batlanim], this enables it to read early - but this itself, not having 10 to make a Minyan in the city, causes that people do not enter on the day of assembly, so they may not read early, like R. Yehudah taught in our Mishnah.)

(Mishnah): Regarding these, they said that we advance them, but do not delay them.

(Tosefta): Reading the Megilah and Terumas Shekalim (every man gives Machatzis ha'Shekel each year to buy Korbanos Tzibur), we advance them, but do not delay them;

Seudas Rosh Chodesh (to publicize that Beis Din made the month full) and Seudas Purim (when they fall on Shabbos), we delay them, but do not advance them.

Question (R. Ze'irah, in front of R. Avahu): We should do [Seudos Purim] on Shabbos! (Perhaps the plural refers to the Seudos of cities and Kerachim, or of all Yisrael, or whenever Purim falls on Shabbos.)

Answer (R. Avahu): "La'asos Osam Yemei Mishteh v'Simchah'' [refers to days] that the Simchah depends on Beis Din (who decide which day is Rosh Chodesh; Pnei Moshe - Chachamim in the days of Mordechai, who enacted the laws of Purim). This excludes [Shabbos], for its Simchah is due to Shamayim.

Pesak: [All] money collected for [Matanos la'Evyonim on] Purim is for [Seudas] Purim. (We do not say that they do not need so much for Purim.)

(R. Lazar): The Oni may not change [from this purpose] and use [the money he receives] to buy a strap for his shoe.

Pesak: We are not meticulous about the Mitzvah of [Matanos la'Evyonim on] Purim. Rather, anyone who sticks out his hand to receive, we give to him.

Question: "He may not change Ma'os Purim'' implies that other [Tzedakah] money he may change!

Answer: Rather, all other [Tzedakah] money, before it was given to the Gizbar, he may change it! After it was given to the Gizbar, he may not change it. (Ma'os Purim, even before it was given to the Gizbar, he may not change it.)

(Mishnah): However, the times of Eitzei Kohanim (if they fall on Shabbos, we postpone them).

Question: Why are the times of Eitzei Kohanim and of the people listed (in a Mishnah in Ta'anis (4:5)? Any individual may bring a Nedavah of wood for the Mizbe'ach!)

Answer: When Yisrael ascended from exile (in Bavel, and built Bayis Sheni) they did not find wood in the chamber [for wood]. These [families] volunteered their wood and were Moser (Makneh) it to the Tzibur, and they used it to offer Korbanos Tzibur;

Nevi'im among them stipulated that even if the chamber is full of wood, and these [families] volunteered their wood, the Korban will be offered only from theirs first.

(R. Acha): This [Heter for individuals to give wood for Korbanos Tzibur] is like R. Yosi;

R. Yosi taught that even one who wants may volunteer to guard [Sefichim in Shevi'is for the sake of the Omer] for free. (We rely on him to be Moser it properly to the Tzibur.)

Rebuttal (R. Yosah citing R. Ila): All agree to this. They argue about a Korban [Tzibur] itself, but Machshirei (things needed for a) Korban, all agree that [Machshirei] Korban Yachid may change to become [for] a Korban Tzibur (an individual may give them).

(Tosefta): If a woman made a Kesones (one of the Bigdei Kehunah) for her son [to wear during the Avodah], she must be Moser it to the Tzibur.

(R. Acha): This is like R. Yosi. R. Yosi taught that even one who wants may volunteer to guard for free.

Rebuttal (R. Yosah citing R. Ila): All agree to this. They argue about a Korban itself, but Machshirei Korban, all agree that [Machshirei] Korban Yachid may change to become [for] a Korban Tzibur.

Support #1 (for R. Yosah - Beraisa): Those days [of Eitzei Kohanim and of the people] apply (are like a Yom Tov, that one may not fast or eulogize on them) at the time of Korban (while the Mikdash stands) and not at the time of Korban;

R. Yosi says, they apply only at the time of Korban. (At the time of the Korban, even Chachamim agree that they are a Yom Tov, for individuals may volunteer wood!)

Support #2 (for R. Yosah - Beraisa - R. Eliezer bei R. Tzadok): I am a descendant of Bnei San'ah ben Binyamin (one of the families listed). Tish'ah b'Av occurred on Shabbos, and we (Chachamim) postponed [the fast] until Sunday, and we fasted but not did not complete [the fast, because the 10th of Av is a Yom Tov for our family. This was after the Churban (we do not fast on Tish'ah b'Av while the Mikdash stands), so this is like Chachamim of the previous Beraisa.]

(Mishnah): And Tish'ah b'Av (if it falls on Shabbos, we postpone the fast).

(R. Yirmeyah citing R. Chiya bar Ba): It would be proper to fast [every year] on the 10th, for that is when [the Beis ha'Mikdash] burned. Why [did they fix the fast] for the ninth? That is when the punishment began.

Support (Beraisa): On the seventh [of Av, the enemy] entered [the Mikdash]. On the eighth, they were dancing and shouting in it. On the ninth they lit it on fire, and on the 10th it burned.

R. Yehoshua ben Levi would fast on the ninth and 10th. R. Levi would fast on the ninth and the night of the 10th.

(R. Ba bar Zavda citing R. Chaninah): Rebbi sought to uproot Tish'ah b'Av (when there is no Mikdash, but there are not decrees of the Nochri kingdom, it would be optional to fast), but [Chachamim] did not agree to him.

R. Elazar (to R. Ba bar Zavda): I was with you [when you heard from R. Chaninah], and it was not said so! Rather, Rebbi sought to uproot Tish'ah b'Av that fell on Shabbos, and they did not let him;

Rebbi: Since [the fast] was pushed off [from the ninth], it should be [totally] pushed off (and we do not fast at all this year)!

Rabanan: It is pushed off until tomorrow.

Observation: Opposite to here (R. Ba corrected R. Elazar about what R. Chaninah said). A Mishnah teaches that R. Yochanan ben Brokah says, about both [Adam and Chavah] "va'Yvarech Osam Elokim Peru u'Rvu'' (it is a Mitzvah also for women).

(R. Lazar citing R. Chaninah): The Halachah follows R. Yochanan ben Brokah.

(R. Ba bar Zavda): I was with you [when you heard from R. Chaninah], and it was not said so! Rather, a woman [claimed that her husband was infertile, and] demanded [that he divorce her, to enable her] to marry [a fertile man, so she will have a son to support her in her old age and bury her]. The law is with her [but not if her claim is that she wants to fulfill Peru u'Rvu, for she is exempt]!

(R. Lazar): "Tovim ha'Shenayim Min ha'Echad'' applies to you! (Because you were with me, I was saved from ruling incorrectly.)

(Mishnah): Chagigah (if its time falls on Shabbos, we delay it, but do not advance it).

Question: It says "v'Chag ha'Katzir Bikurei Ma'asecha'' (this implies that one may harvest on the day that he brings his Chagigah during Sukos), and it says "Kol Meleches Avodah Lo Sa'asu''!

Answer (R. Chaninah): How can we resolve both verses? When [the first day of Sukos] falls on a weekday, he brings Chagigah and ceases from Melachah. When it falls on Shabbos, he brings Chagigah the next day, and may harvest.

(R. Yosah bei R. Bun): [He may harvest] only to put it in his dough (i.e. what is needed for the day itself, for it is Chol ha'Mo'ed - Mar'eh ha'Panim), or because the day that one brings a Korban is like a Yom Tov (Korban ha''Edah).)

Support (Beraisa): One who has a Chiyuv to bring wood or Bikurim - [the former] is when he says "it is Alai to bring wood for the Mizbe'ach or logs for the Ma'arachah'' - he is forbidden to eulogize, fast or do Melachah that day [that he brings them].