(Mishnah): If a man went overseas with his wife and returned with a wife and children and he said, "This is my wife with which I travelled overseas and these are her (i.e. our) children'' - he does not need to bring proof about (the Kashrus of) the wife nor about the children.

If he said, "She died and these are her children'', he must bring a proof about the children but not about the wife.

(Gemara - R. Abahu citing R. Yochanan): Chazal consider a man and a woman to be like two witnesses - there is an assumption that a woman would not be silent (if there was something to be said) about another woman's children.

R. Abun heard this statement said about the latter part (i.e. the next Mishnah) - If he said, "I married a woman overseas and this is her and these are her children'' - R. Abahu cited R. Yochanan as saying that Chazal consider a man and a woman to be like two witnesses -there is an assumption that a woman would not be silent (if there was something to be said) about another woman's children.

(Mishnah): If he said, "I married a woman overseas and this is her and these are her children'' - he must bring proof about her but not about her children.

If he said, "She died and these are her children' - he must bring proof about both her and about her children.

(Gemara - Beraisa): If a man and woman came from overseas, both claiming that they are married to each other, we do not kill her and the adulterer if she was adulterous.

If they had a Chazakah (pre-existing status) of being married, we can kill them if she was adulterous.

Question: When is a Chazakah established?

Answer (R. Yona/ R. Ba/ R. Chiya citing R. Yochanan): If for thirty days they were living as man and wife.

Mishnah in Maseches Taharos: If a child was found next to (Terumah) dough with a piece of dough in his hand, R. Meir says that the main part of the dough is Tahor; Chachamim say that it is Tameh, as it is the way of children to touch dough (and we cannot assume that a Tahor person took a piece of the dough and gave it to him).

Question: Can we burn Terumah based on assumptions?

Answer (R. Yosi citing R. Zeirah): It is a disagreement between R. Yochanan and R. Shimon ben Lakish - R. Yochanan said that we can kill based on a Chazakah (and we can certainly burn Terumah as well); R. Shimon ben Lakish said that we cannot kill based on a Chazakah (nor can we burn).

R. Yosi bei R. Bun citing R. Zeirah: All agree that we can kill based on a Chazakah - the disagreement is about burning - R. Yochanan said we kill but we do not burn and R. Shimon ben Lakish says that just as we kill, we can also burn.

Question: What is the source to say that we can kill based on a Chazakah?

Answer (R. Shmuel son of R. Yosi bei R. Bun): The pasuk states (Shemos 21, 15), "One who hits his father or mother shall surely be put to death.'' Is it certain that this man is his father? Surely it is just a Chazakah, but you say that he is put to death; here also, for any Chazakah, we can kill based on it.

The Beraisa taught that if he brought proof for older children, he must also bring proof for the younger ones. Why is a proof needed for the younger ones?

Answer (R. Yona): Perhaps she was divorced in between the two groups of children.

(Mishnah): A man may not be secluded with two women, but one woman may have seclusion with two men.

R. Shimon: A man may be secluded with two women when his wife is with him and he may sleep with them in the same inn, because his wife guards him (from sin).

A person may be secluded with his mother or daughter and sleep with them naked in a bed. When they grow up, each must sleep in their coverings.

Neither a single man nor a woman should teach children. R. Eliezer says - neither should a man who does not a have a wife (currently with him).

R. Yehudah: A single man should not be a shepherd nor should two single men sleep with the same covering. However, the Chachamim permit it.

Any man whose profession involves women should not be secluded with them.

A man should not teach his son a profession that involves women.

R. Meir: A man should always try to teach his son a profession that is clean and he should pray to The One who has the wealth - as in every profession there is poverty and wealth, since these things are not as a result of the profession chosen (but rather, they come as a result of a person's merit.)

R. Shimon ben Elazar: Did you ever see a wild animal or a bird that has a profession, and they receive sustenance without difficulty! If they were created to serve me and they are sustained without difficulty and I was created to serve my Creator, certainly I should be sustained without difficulty; but I turned my ways to be wicked and prevented my sustenance (from coming easily)!

Aba Gurion of Tzaidan citing Aba Shaul: A person should not teach his son to drive donkeys, camels or ships; nor to be a barber, a potter, a shepherd or a shopkeeper, as their profession involves stealing.

R. Yehudah in the name of Aba Gurion: Most donkey drivers are evildoers; most camel drivers are upright; most sailors are pious; the best of doctors goes to Gehinom (hell); the most upright of butchers is a partner with Amalek.

(Gemara - R. Avin): (When can a women be secluded with two men?) When they are moral, but if they are immoral, a woman may not be secluded even with 100 men.

Beraisa: If a day old baby dies, for his parents and relatives it is if he died as an adult groom.

Not only if it is a day old, but even if his head and most of his body came out alive and it then died, they must mourn its death. It is carried out to be buried and it is buried with one woman and two men present (and there is no problem of seclusion, like the opinion of the first tana of the Mishnah).

Aba Shaul: Even one man and two women are permitted.

It is logical to say that R. Shimon agrees with Aba Shaul. However, Aba Shaul does not agree with R. Shimon - (the reason that he allows burial with one man and two women is because) the evil inclination is not found in the cemetery.

R. Yochanan citing R. Shimon bar Yochai: The pasuk states (Devarim 13, 7), "If your brother, the son of your mother, or your son or your daughter or the wife of your bosom shall entice you'' - this alludes to the law that you made be secluded with your mother or your daughter.