(Mishnah): If a widow or divorcee claims that she was a virgin when she was married, and he says that she was a widow, if witnesses say that she had a Hinuma (a dome of myrtle or a veil) and uncovered hair at the Chupah, her Kesuvah is 200;

R. Yochanan ben Berokah says, even if they distributed parched grain (at the Chupah), this proves that she was a virgin;

(Gemara) Question: Granted, if she was divorced (she claims that she was a Besulah). If she was widowed (who claims)?

Answer: [His] heirs [claim].

Question: We should follow the majority - most who are married are Besulos when they marry. If so, we should say that she was a Besulah when she married!

Answer: This teaches that in monetary cases, we do not follow the majority.

(Mishnah): If an ox gored a cow, and a dead calf is near the cow [and we do not know if the calf was born before the goring and died by itself), or after the goring, and died due to the goring...] Do most cows miscarry?! (Surely they do not!) You should say that it miscarried due to the goring! (Why does the Mishnah say that he pays only half the usual damage for damage to the calf, i.e. due to the Safek?)

Answer (R. Avahu): This teaches that in monetary cases, we do not follow the majority.

Answer (R. Avun): In one matter, we follow the majority in monetary cases;

(Beraisa - R. Acha): If a camel was mating among camels, and one of them was found dead [the owner of the mating camel] is liable. I say that the one that was mating bit it.

If one claimed 'you owe me 100', and he denied it, and he brought witnesses that he owes him 50, R. Chiyah Raba says that he [pays 50 and] swears [to deny] the rest. (Partial admission obligates a Shevu'ah on the rest, and all the more so witnesses, which are stronger than admission!)

(R. Yochanan): He does not swear about the rest.

R. Chiyah Raba learns from [the Mishnah of] two holding a Talis;

(Mishnah): If two are holding a Talis. This one says 'I found it', and this one says 'I found it.' This one who is holding half, he is like one who brings witnesses that he owns half, and the other says 'it is all mine', and this [other] one who is holding half, [also] he is like one who brings witnesses that he owns half, and the other says 'it is all mine.' He swears that half is his.

Rebuttal: [The one who said that he learns from here,] did he not hear that R. Ila said in the name of R. Yochanan, the oath [of that Mishnah] is a enactment [mid'Rabanan], lest one see his friend in the market and say to him, the Talis on you is mine. Come split your Talis with me! (You cannot learn from it R. Chiyah's law, that mid'Oraisa he must swear.)

Note: First he tells his friend 'the Talis is mine', and afterwards he calls it 'your Talis'! Perhaps he means 'what you call 'your Talis'.' Alternatively, he tells him privately 'you owe an old loan to me, but you deny it. How will I collect from you? I will claim that your Talis is mine. You cannot prove that it is yours, so we will split it.'

(R. Avin citing Rav): My dear [uncle, i.e. R. Chiyah Raba] agrees about a document [that he need not swear about the rest].

Question: What is the case?

Answer: He claimed 100 from him, and he denied it. He took out a document saying that he owes 50. He gets only 50. (There is no Shevu'ah on the rest, for there is a Shibud of land to pay a document, and we do not swear about a Shibud of land.)

Rebuttal (R. Yosi bei R. Bun - Beraisa): If a document says "silver Sela'im that are...' and [the number] was erased, it cannot be less than two. [If he claims] more than this, [e.g.] the lender claims five and the borrower says two, Ben Azai says, since he admitted to part of the claim, he swears;

Chachamim say, the admission is not from the claim. (There was no question about two. The claim was for another three, and he totally denied this. We explained this like RIDVAZ.)

Inference: [Chachamim exempt because] the admission is not from the claim, but if the admission were from the claim, [all agree that] he is liable [to swear. They do not exempt due to Shibud of land! Therefore, if one totally denied a loan, and a document proves that he owes part, he must swear about the rest.]

Suggestion: And here (in our Mishnah), is it not as if the admission is from the claim [and he must swear]?!

Rejection: (No.) All agree that he owes her 100. It is as if she claims that he owes her another 100, and he does not admit to her. Ha'Motzi me'Chavero Alav ha'Re'ayah.