(Mishnah): One may surround with sticks [stuck in the ground], as long as there are not three Tefachim between them.

R. Yehudah says, these Heterim were given only for a caravan;

Chachamim say, [these Heterim always apply]. They discussed a caravan because this is a typical case.

R. Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah says, the Mechitzah must be horizontal and vertical (e.g. sticks and ropes);

Chachamim say, one of the two matters (it must be horizontal or vertical).

Four exemptions were given to an [army] encampment - they may bring wood from any place [without concern for theft], they are exempt from washing [before eating], from [tithing] Demai (doubtfully tithed produce) and from making an Eruv.

(Gemara - Beraisa): One may surround with sticks in a caravan. R. Yehudah says so.

Inference: An individual needs [a wall that is horizontal and vertical].

Question: R. Yehudah distinguishes between an individual and a caravan. Do Chachamim not distinguish between an individual and a caravan?

Answer: We learn from the following. If a caravan camped in a mound 10 [Tefachim] tall, or in a cavity 10 Tefachim deep, in a garden surrounded with a fence, they may carry in it, even if it is a [Beis] Kor (the area in which one seeds 30 Sa'im, i.e. 75,000 square Amos), one may carry in all of it, as long as there is not Beis Sa'atayim (5,000 square Amos) empty.

(R. Acha citing R. Chinenah): Even saddles, even Avitim (pillows under saddles, suffice that the place is not considered empty).

Rav Huna's words show that [empty is] only of people (i.e. it is forbidden if there are Beis Sa'atayim more than is allowed for the number of people - SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL);

(R. Ba citing Rav Huna): One or two people, we give to them Beis Sa'atayim. To three, we give Beis six Sa'im. From [three] and up, it is according to the calculation (Beis Sa'atayim per person). A caravan is not less than three. (This is Stam. This shows that even Chachamim distinguish individuals and a caravan.)

Question: Nochrim do not complete [the Shi'ur of three]. Does a minor complete a caravan? (This is not answered. The following was copied from below (6:4), even though it is not relevant here.)

What is the case? There were two, and they made one Eruv (there was Karmelis or Reshus ha'Rabim in between, so it did not help), and a Nochri came and added [walls that would enable an Eruv]. Shabbos already entered b'Isur (so it is forbidden even now that there are walls).

If there were three, and they made two Eruvin (i.e. each was Me'arev by itself), and a Nochri came and opened [the walls between them]. Shabbos already entered b'Heter (so it is still permitted).

(R. Darifah): R. Nisa asked, do we give to them three triangles, that this one may carry in the Beis Sa'atayim of this one , and this one may carry in the Beis Sa'atayim of this one?

(R. Acha citing Rav Chisda): R. Yosi bei R. Yehudah holds like his father, and argues with his father;

He holds like his father about an individual in less than Beis Sa'atayim (both require horizontal and vertical Mechitzos), and argues with his father about a caravan more than Beis Sa'atayim [per person. R. Yehudah says that a horizontal or vertical wall suffices, if there is not Beis Sa'atayim empty. His son allows this only up to Beis Sa'atayim per person.]

Question: Where do we find that R. Yehudah said that an individual in less than Beis Sa'atayim needs horizontal and vertical [Mechitzos]?

Answer: We learn from the following. R. Acha said that R. Chanin citing R. Yosah citing Rav Sheshes taught a Beraisa "just like they argue here, they argue in Kil'ayim'';

Is not Kil'ayim even for Beis Rova (one part in 24 of a Beis Se'ah, the smallest Shi'ur in Kil'ayim? Also in Shabbos, R. Yehudah does not distinguish less than Beis Sa'atayim (the smallest Shi'ur) from more than it. We explained this like PNEI MEIR.)

Question: How much is a Machaneh [that Chachamim exempted from four matters]?

Answer #1 (R. Chananyah): It is [at least] 100 - "va'Yavo Gid'on u'Me'ah Ish Asher Ito bi'Ktzei ha'Machaneh.''

Objection (R. Avinah): Had it said "Machaneh v'Anashim Asher Ito Me'ah'', it would be a proper [answer. However, the way it is written, "bi'Ktzei ha'Machaneh'' refers to Machaneh Midyan! - PNEI MOSHE]

Answer #2 (R. Yochanan): It is 10 - "va'Yavo'u Na'arei David va'Ydabru El Naval... [va'Yanuchu.'' Before it said that there were 10];

What is "va'Yanuchu''? R. Yusta bar Shoneh said, they made a Machaneh.

Support (R. Yudah bar Pazi): It is 10 - "Ad l'Machaneh Gadol k'Machaneh Elokim.'' How much is Machaneh Elokim? It is 10 (Shechinah dwells among 10).

Answer #3 (in the name of R. Yudah): It is 12,000, like Machaneh Yisrael (initially, this many came to fight Midyan).

[A Machaneh] that goes out to an optional war may steal (take from anyone) moist wood, but not dry wood. One that goes out to an obligatory war may steal dry and moist wood.

(R. Daniel brei d'R.av Katinah citing Rav Huna): If they were made in a bundle, it is forbidden.

(Yehoshua enacted that anyone may take wood from fields, and it is not considered theft.) That is only when they are not near a forest. [A Machaneh is permitted] even if they are near a forest.

(Anyone may eat without Netilas Yadayim if he has no water.) That is only when they are not near a spring. [A Machaneh is permitted] even if they are near a spring.

[A Machaneh need not tithe Demai. If they acquired Demai] and it entered the city with them, they were already exempted. [If people had Demai in their houses] and left the city [to go to war], they were already obligated [to tithe] Demai.

(R. Yosah citing R. Avahu citing R. Chizkiyah citing R. Yudah bar Pazi): [It is called] Demai (this is like Da Mai, what is it) - was it fixed (tithed), or not fixed?

(Mishnah): And they are exempt from making an Eruv.

(R. Chiya bar Ashi): This refers to Eruvei Chatzeros, but Eruvei Techumim is mid'Oraisa (they are obligated).

Question: Are there Chatzeros in a Machaneh?! (Surely it must refer to Eruvei Techumim!)

Answer: [It is needed] to permit [transfer between] tents in the Machaneh.

Support (Beraisa): Tents in a Machaneh do not need an Eruv. Tents in a caravan need an Eruv.

R. Yehudah ben Teima says, [there are more leniencies for a Machaneh. They may] even camp anywhere, and where they die, they are buried. Do not say that they do like troops [who dig a big pit to cast all Mesim into it].

Some teach that it is forbidden to move [body from where they were buried initially], and some teach that it is permitted to move them.

(Rav Chisdai): The one who permits moving them discusses a gathering (many bodies together in one pit. It is honorable to bury them separately.) The one who forbids moving them discusses when they are separate.

Just like when they go out [to war] they are exempt from four matters, so in their return they are exempt from four matters.

Source (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): We learn from "Mi Yarei v'Chared Yashov v'Yitzpor me'Har ha'Gil'ad.'' Why do they return hastily (ALEI TAMAR)? It is due to the enemy. (Since there is danger, we are lenient also when they return.)

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun citing Rav): Just like when they go out they are exempt from four matters, so in their return they are exempt from four matters.