What is the difference between "Yayin" and "Sheichar"?
Rashi (citing Targum Onkelos): "Yayin" is fresh wine, and "Sheichar", old wine. 1
R. Bachye: "Yayin" is old wine and "Sheichar", fresh wine.
Ibn Ezra: Some say that Sheichar is anything that intoxicates.
Sifri #1 (on Pasuk 23): They are two names for wine.
Sifri #2 (citing R. Eliezer): "Yayin" is diluted with water and "Sheichar" is pure wine - not the reverse, since the Torah writes in Pinchas Bamidbar, 28:7 - in conection with the Korban Tamid "Hasech Nesech Sheichar la'Hashem", and one does not pour diluted wine on the Mizbe'ah.
Sifsei Chachamim: So-called because it intoxicates (from the word 'Shikor').
How much wine must a Nazir drink in order to be Chayav?
Yerushalmi Nazir, 7:1: We learn via a Gezeirah Shavah "Sheichar" "Sheichar" 1 that the Shi'ur to be Chayav is a Revi'is.
Either from the Pasuk in Shemini Vayikra, 10:9 "Yayin ve'Sheichar Al Tesht" or from the Korban Tamid in Pinchas, 28:7. See Torah Temimah, note 16.
Seeing as Nezirus also consists of shaving and Tum'ah, why does the Torah mention independently "mi'Yayin ve'Sheichar Yazir"?
Nazir, 3b #!: To teach us that if the Nazir declares Nezirus on any one of the items concerning a Nazir - on wine, on Sheichar, on grape-pits or on skins - he is a full-fledged Nazir. 1
Nazir, 3b #2: To incorporate wine of Mitzvah (where the Nazir had previous made a Shevu'ah to drink wine. 2
Nazir, 4a: To preclude inroxicating drinks other than wine from the Isur. 3
What are the implicatoins of "Lo Yishteh"?
Sifri: It implies that the Nazir is permitted to use grape- products as a cure or to do business with them. 1
See Torah Temimah, note 22.
What is "Mishras Anavim" coming to teach us?
Rashbam: "Mishras Anavim" implies whatever comes out of the grapes.
Nazir, 35b (according to R. Akiva) 1 : It teaches us that 'Heter Mitztaref le'Isur' - If one soaks a slice of bread less than a Shi'ur Revi'is and the bread makes up the Shi'ur or if he eats half a k'Zayis of grapes and half a k'Zayis of bread, he is Chayav 2 .
Nazir, 37a (according to the Chachamim): It teaches us that if a Nazir drinks water that is soaked in grapes and which adopted the taste of the grapes, he is Chayav - due to the principle 'Ta'am ke'Ikar', 3
See Torah Temimah, note 23, who elaborates
Nazir (Ibid.): Which is not the case by any other Isur in the Torah.
Nazir (ibid.): And this is the source for 'Ta'am ke'Ikar' by all Isurim in the Torah. See Torah Temimah, note 24, who discusses whether Ta'am ke'Ikar by other Isurim is d'Oraysa or de'Rabbanan.
What are "Anavim Lachim"?
Targum Yonasan: "Anavim Lachim" are raisins.
Yerushalmi Nazir, 6:2: "Anavim Lachim comes to include 'Boser' - grapes that are not yet fully ripe. 1
Yerushalmi, Ibid.: Because, had the Torah written S'tam "Anavim", it would have incorporated raisins. See Torah Temimah, note 25.
Why does the Torah need to mention grapes and raisins separately?
