1)

What are the implications of "be'Fesa"?

1.

Rashi #1: It implies 'be'Oneis' (unavoidably).

2.

Rashi #2 (citing Targum Onkelos): It implies 'close' - so close that he could not have avoided striking him.

3.

Targum Yonasan: It implies 'be'Shogeg'.

4.

Makos, 7b: It precludes where he is in a corner, and "be'Lo Eivah", a hater. 1

1

Torah Temimah, note 41: Both of which are Patur from Galus because they are close to Meizid - which is the reason for all the preclusions in this Pasuk - leaving the Rotze'ach at the mercy of the Go'el ha'Dam.

2)

If "be'Fesa" means be'Shogeg, why does the Torah need to add "be'Lo Eivah"?

1.

Refer to 35:22:1.1:4.

2.

Kerisos, 9a: The Torah inserts "be'Lo Eivah" to teach us that "Pesa" on its own means 'be'Shogeg'. 1

1

See Torah Temimah, note 43.

3)

"Hadafo" implies that he pushed him with his body. Why does the Torah need to add "Vayashlech alav")?

1.

Makos, 7b: To incorporate where he made a downward stroke (such an axe over his shoulder) in order to raise it. 1

1

Even though had he killed the victim whilst raising the axe he would have been Patur. See Torah Temimah, note 44.

4)

What is the meaning of "be'Lo Tzediyah"?

1.

Rashi (in Makos, 7b): It means that he did not aim in a different direction that where the victim was. 1

2.

Targum Onkelos: It means that he did not lie in wait for him.

3.

Targum Yonasan: It means that he did not intend to kill him.

1

See Torah Temimah, note 45.

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