Who is "Kitim" referring to?
Rashi (in Sanhedrin, 106a), Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: It refers to Rome. 1
See Oznayim la'Torah, citing Yosifun.
What is the meaning of "Tzim mi'Yad Kitim"?
Rashi and Rashbam: It means large warships 1 (or bands of brigands, 2 or groups 3 - Rashi in Sanhedrin, 106a) will come from Rome.
Targum Onkelos: It means that a group will come from Rome
Targum Yonasan: 'The Tzitzin will go to war fully armed from Lombardy and from Italy, and they will join forces with Constantine'.
Sanhedrin, 107a: 'Libun from the hand of Aspir' - these are names of nations. .
Rashi and Rashbam: As in Yeshayah, 33:21.
Rashi: As in Yechezkel, 30:9,
Rashi: Like Targum Yonasan in Tehilim, 72:9 & 74:14.
What is the meaning of "ve'Inu Ashur ve'Inu Eiver"? Who is "Eiver" referring to?
Rashi #1: It means that they will afflict Ashur and those on the other other side of the River P'ras.
Rashi #2 (in Sanhedrin, 106a): It means that they 1 will kill all the nations up until Ashur and the other side of the River P'ras.
Ramban: It means that those that come from Rome will afflict Ashur and Yisrael. 2
Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: They will afflict Ashur and subjugate those on the other side of the River P'ras. 3
Sanhedrin, 107a: Until Asher, they will kill, beyond that, they will subjugate. 4
Oznayim la'Torah: Refer to 24:23:1:11.
See Vayeishev Bereishis, 40:15 and Mikeitz, Bereishis, 43:32.
Targum Yonasan: Both forces however, are destined to ultimately fall by the hand of Mashi'ach and be destroyed forever.
See Torah Temimah, note 31.
