Rashi (in Sanhedrin, 106a), Ramban. R. Bachye #1 (on Pasuk 20) Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: It refers to Rome. ¹

R. Bachye #2: It refers to the B?nei Yavan (the Greeks) or perhaps it refers to descendants of Yishmael.

Rashi and Rashbam: It means large warships ¹ (or bands of brigands, ² or groups ³ - Rashi in Sanhedrin, 106a) will come from Rome.

Targum Onkelos: It means that a group will come from Rome

Targum Yonasan: 'The Tzitzin will go to war fully armed from Lombardy and from Italy, and they will join forces with Constantine'.

Sanhedrin, 107a: 'Libun from the hand of Aspir' - these are names of nations. .

Rashi #1: It means that they will afflict Ashur and those on the other other side of the River P'ras.

Rashi #2 (on Sanhedrin, 106a): It means that they ¹ will kill all the nations up until Ashur and the other side of the River P'ras.

Ramban: It means that those that come from Rome will afflict Ashur and Yisrael. ²

R. Bachye: After Ashur will capture the Keini - who subjugated Yisrael - large ships will come from Rome and afflict Ashur and the Ivrim whom Ashur captured.

Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: They will afflict Ashur and subjugate those on the other side of the River P'ras. ³

Sanhedrin, 107a: Until Ashur, they will kill, beyond that, they will subjugate. ⁴

Oznayim la'Torah: Refer to 24:23:1:11.

R. Bachye: It refers to Rome - the fourth Chayah about which Daniel prophesied, ¹ and about which he wrote - in 7:11 - would finally be burnt in fire.

Targum Yonaan: Itrefersto Edom and Yishmael, who will fall into the hnds of Mashi?ach and be destroyed forever. ²