What is the meaning of "Vayizrok (ha'Dam) al ha'Am"?
Rashi #1 and R. Bachye #1 (both citing Targum Onkelos) and Targum Yonasan: It means that Moshe sprinkled the blood on the Mizbe'ach to atone for the people. 1
Rashi #2 (in Pasuk 6), R. Bachye #2 and Hadar Zekenim: It means that he sprinkled the blood on the people themselves. 2 3
R. Bachye #3 (citing others): It means that he sprinkled the bood in their direction but not actually on their clothes. 4
Tosfos Yecanim Yevamos 46a ? Like the opinion of R. Eliezer, wheres answer #2 follows the opinion of R. Yehoshu .
R. Bachye: Like we find by the inauguration of Aharon and his sons in 29:21 "Vehizeisa al Aharon ve'al Begadav ve'al Banav ? ".
And the blood-stain on their garments was a mark of honor symbolizing the B'ris into which they had entered, and which, following the sin of the Eigel, Hashem asked them to remove, since they had contravened the B'ris. See R. Bachye and R. Chavel's footnotes.
R. Bachye: Like we find in Bereishis 1:20: "ve'Of Ye'ofef ? al'Pnei Reni'a ha'Shamayim", which means 'in the direction of the sky'.
What is the significance of the "Dam ha'Beris"?
Rashi (in Tehilim, 50:5): On the merit of the Dam ha'Beris, Hashem took Yisrael out of Galus Bavel. 1
Hadar Zekenim: If they do not fulfill the Torah, it (the blood) will punish them. 2
Nedarim, 31b (cited in Ein Ya'akov): How great is the Mitzvah of Milah, inasmuch as it is equal to all the Mitzvos in the Torah, as the Torah writes "Hinei Dam ha'Beris asher Karas Hashem imachem al Kol ha'Devarim ha'Eileh!" 3
As the Pasuk indicates in Yechezkel, 16:8 (Rashi).
Hadar Zekenim: This is similar to the Pasuk in Bechukosai, Vayikra, 26:25Vayikra "Cherev NokeMeis N'kam B'ris", and like Rashi explained in Bereishis 31:52 "Eid ha'Gal ha'Zeh" - the witness of the B'ris punishes one who transgresses it. (Also there he cited Rashi, although it is not in our text of Rashi - PF).
See Torah Temimah, note 14.
QUESTIONS ON RASHI
Rashi writes that Moshe sprinkled the blood on the Mizbe'ach to atone for the people. But in Pasuk 6, he said that the people Toveled [because Haza'ah was on them]?
Based on Tosfos Yeshanim (Yevamos 46a) 1 : There, Rashi explained like R. Yehoshua, and here like R. Eliezer.
Refer to 24:6:152:2.
