Why are a third in Beis ha'Melech?
'Rashi': This is lest people gather to kill the king.
Why does it say here "Sha'ar ha'Yesod", and in Melachim II, 11:6, "Sha'ar Sur"?
'Rashi' and Radak, both citing Yerushalmi Eruvin 5:1: The gate has seven names. It is called Sha'ar Sur, for there we put blood on the ear, thumb and toe of Metzora'im 1 - "Suru Tamei" (Eichah 4:15).
Radak Melachim II, 11:6: It is called Sha'ar Sur, because Tamei people separated from there (they may not enter) ? "Suru Tamei." It is called "Sha'ar ha'Yesod", for there they are Meyased (establish) the Halachah (the Sanhedrin sits there). It is called Sha'ar Charsis, for it is in line with the shining of the sun [in the morning] ? "ha'Omer la'Cheres v'Lo Yizrach" (Iyov 9:7). It is called Sha'ar ha'Eisun, for it is used to enter and leave [the Azarah. Eisun is an expression of coming ? "v'Asa me'Rivevos Kodesh" (Devarim 33:2). It is called Sha'ar ha'Tavech, for it is in the middle (between) two gates (of Ezras Nashim and of the Heichal). It is called Sha'ar Chadash, for there Chachamim were Mechadesh a Halachah (that a Tevul Yom may not enter the Ezras Nashim). It is called Sha'ar Elyon, for it is l'Ma'alah (above) me'Ezras Yisrael. (Tosfos Yom Tov Midos 2:6 and others question this text, for it is not above Ezras Yisrael in Kedushah, nor in elevation. It seems that the Ramban's text (Hilchos Klei ha'Mikdash 7:6) was 'above Ezras Nashim.' ? PF)
Who are "Kol ha'Am"?
Radak (6): They are Yisraelim, who may not enter Beis Hashem 1 ; they will guard outside.
Malbim: They are the leaving Mishmar.
I.e. they may enter only for the sake of Avodah (bringing Korbanos or bowing) or Tefilah.
Where were those in "Chatzros Beis Hashem"?
Malbim: They were outside ? half in Sha'ar Sur, and half in Sha'ar Acher ha'Ratzim, like it says in Melachim II, 11:6.
