1)

What is a "Chover Chaver"?

1.

Rashi #1 and Targum Yonasan: Someone who gathers snakes, scorpions or other Chayos 1 to one location.

2.

Rashi #2 (in Yeshayah, 47:9): It is a Lashon of witchcraft.

1

Sanhedrin, 65a: Irrespective of whether they are large or small - even snakes and corpions. See Torah Temimah, note 60.

2)

What is the difference between "Ov" and "Yid'oni"?

1.

Rashi (citing Sanhedrin, 65a) and Targum Yonasan: "Ov" is a kind of sorcery that is called 'Pitum', where one raises a dead spirit 1 to under one's armpit (or to between one's joints ? Sanhedrin, 65b), from where it speaks; whereas "Yid'oni" places the bone of a Chayah called 'Yado'a' into one's mouth, where it speaks by means of sorcery. 2

1

See Oznayim la'Torah who elaborates at length.

2

Ramban: And the Torah writes "Sho'el Ov ve'Yid'oni" to include the client in the Isur - though the Ba'al Ov and Yid;oni himself is subject to Sekilah, and the client, only to a La'av - See Torah Temimah citing Sanhedrin, 65a and note 63 & 64.

3)

What constitutes "Doresh el ha'Meisim"?

1.

Rashi: It constitutes either raising a dead spirit on his Eiver (male organ), from where it speaks or consulting a human skull.

2.

Sanhedrin, 65b: It constitutes starving oneself before going out to a graveyard so that a Tamei spirit will rest on him. 1

1

See Torah Temimah, note 65.

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