1)

(a)It is obvious to Rav Bibi bar Abaye, cited by Rav Papi, that the Shi'ur D'risah of the Veshet is a Mashehu - because that is the Shi'ur of a hole that renders the animal T'reifah.

(b)The Shi'ur D'risah of the Kaneh is not so obvious however - because the Shi'ur of a hole there regarding T'reifus, is the siz of an Isar coin.

(c)Nevertheless, he concludes that the Shi'ur D'risah of a Kaneh is also a Mashehu - because the venom of the Chayah spreads, burning the area around the actual hole.

2)

(a)When Rav Yitzchak bar Shmuel bar Marsa gave the Shi'ur Bedikah for D'rusah as the abdominal cavity (like the B'nei Rebbi Chiya on the previous Amud), Rav Nachman objected - based on Rav's ruling mi'Kapa ad Atma.

(b)By ...

1. ... mi'Kapa, Rav meant - from the spoon-shaped skull.

2. ... ve'ad Atma - until the thighs (which corresponds to the end of the abdominal cavity.

(c)Kapa cannot mean the shoulder-blades (including the lungs and the liver, see Tosfos DH 'Ileima') - because that corresponds to the beginning of the abdominal cavity, and would render Rav Nachman's objection meaningless.

(d)When Resh Lakish and Rebbi Yochanan issued a joint statement along the same lines as Rav Yitzchak bar Shmuel bar Marsa, and Rav Chiya bar Yosef, who had just arrived in Eretz Yisrael from Bavel, raised the same objection as Rav Nachman citing Rav, Resh Lakish reacted - by querying who this Rav was, since he had never heard of him.

3)

(a)Rebbi Yochanan - reminded him of the Talmid who learned under Rebbi at the same time as he did ...

(b)... and what's more - whilst he had to stand, Rav was permitted to sit down (indicating that Rav was greater than him).

(c)And he described Rav's greatness - by declaring him as being a great man both in his Torah knowledge and in his Chasidus.

4)

(a)Resh Lakish finally remembered Rav. He even quoted his ruling Shemutah u'Shechutah Kesheirah - meaning that if the Gargeres is found to have slipped as well as having been Shechted, the animal is Kasher ...

(b)... because had it slipped before the Shechitah, it would have been impossible to Shecht it since it tends to slide right down the neck. Consequently, it must have slipped after the Shechitah).

(c)Rebbi Yochanan however, rules that - one makes a cut a slight distance away and determines whether the first cut was made before or after the Gargeres was torn out, by comparing the two cuts.

(d)Rav Nachman qualifies Rav's ruling by confining it to where the Shochet was not holding the Gargeres during the Shechitah, but if he was, a Shemutah can be Shechted and Rav will concede that it is T'reifah.

5)

(a)Our Mishnah concludes Zeh ha'Kelal, Kol she'Ein Kamohah Chayah, T'reifah, which comes to include - the Shev Sh'ma'atsa (that we discussed at the beginning of the Perek).

(b)The animal whose ...

1. ... Gid ha'Nasheh Yosef the hunter's family bludgeoned - died.

2. ... kidney Rav Papa bar Aba the hunter bludgeoned - died too.

(c)One might extrapolate from there that - an animal with a battered Gid ha'Nasheh is a T'reifah.

(d)When they asked ...

1. ... Rebbi Yehudah ben Beseira whether an animal after being Shechted, is found to have a battered Gid ha'Nasheh - he replied that one does not have the authority to add to the T'reifos listed in the Mishnah.

2. ... Rebbi Aba the same question concerning an animal with a battered kidney - he gave the same answer.

(e)We reconcile the two rulings with the fact that in both of above cases, the animal died - by pointing out that had they been administered the right cures, they would have lived (which is not the case with the T'reifos in our Mishnah).

6)

(a)Our Mishnah now lists the defects that are Kasher. These include a punctured Gargeres, one that is split or one that has a piece missing. An animal is Kasher even if its Gargeres is ...

1. ... punctured - as long as it is not missing a piece the size of an Italian Isar coin (as Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel states).

2. ... split (lengthwise) - as long as a little remains intact at both ends.

(b)And it is Kasher even though its ...

1. ... skull is broken - as long as the membrane covering the brain remains intact.

2. ... its heart is punctured - as long as the hole does not reach the cavity.

3. ... its spine is broken - provided the spinal cord remains intact.

4. ... its liver has been removed - provided a k'Zayis remains.

(c)The animal is Kasher even though both the Messes and the Beis ha'Kosos are punctured - as long as the hole runs from one to the other (since the food goes from one to the other anyway).

(d)The Tana declares - Kasher an animal with a missing spleen or kidneys.

7)

(a)An animal is Kasher if its lower jaw is detached from the flesh - provided the Simanim are still attached.

(b)The Tana declares - Kasher an animal with a missing womb.

(c)He also declares Kasher a Charusah bi'Yedei Shamayim - n animal whose lung shriveled up if it was caused by a Divinely-inspired occurrence (which will be explained later) ...

(d)The source of the word Charusah is - Choriyos Dekel (the (dry) branches of a date-palm.

8)

(a)Rebbi Meir declares Kasher a G'ludah (an animal whose skin is missing). Such a thing happens - either as a result of boils (a skin disease) or through hard work.

(b)The Rabbanan declare it - T'reifah.

9)

(a)Rebbi Yochanan learns that Eilu T'reifos is Davka, but Eilu Kesheiros is not. Resh Lakish says - vice-versa.

(b)They are arguing over Rav Masna's ruling (one of the Shev Shema'atsa) that - a thigh-bone that became dislocated renders the animal T'reifah.

(c)According to ...

1. ... Rebbi Yochanan, we need Eilu to preclude the animal from the Din of T'reifah, because we would otherwise have thought that - on account of its similarity to Netulah, it is included in Zeh ha'Kelal, and is T'reifah.

2. ... Resh Lakish, on the other hand, the Tana needs Eilu Kesheiros to preclude Rav Masna's case from the Kesheiros - because he does not consider a dislocated thigh-bone similar to Netulah; nor is it similar to Nekuvah or Pesukah.

10)

(a)Rava argues with Rav Masna. He declares an animal with a dislocated thigh-bone, Kasher, though he will agree that it is T'reifah - if the small nerve that is located on top of the thigh is broken.

(b)The Halachah is however that - the animal is Kasher, unless the nerve has rotted.

11)

(a)Our Mishnah gives the Shi'ur of a Chesaron in the Gargeres as an Italian Isar. Ze'iri mentioned a Dinra Kurdina'a (meaning a Dinar from Ararat, which is approximately the same size) for the benefit of the people of Bavel, who were not familiar with the Italian Isar.

(b)Similar small size coins (called P'shiti) were to be found in - Pumbedisa.

(c)bar Nafcha asked Rebbi Chana the banker for a Dinra Kurdina'a - in order to measure the T'reifus of the Gargeres with it.

(d)bar Nafcha was - alias Rebbi Yochanan ...

(e)... and he forbade Rebbi Chama to stand up for him - because he maintained that employees are forbidden to rise before a Talmid-Chacham.

12)

(a)We query Rebbi Yochanan from a Mishnah in Bikurim, which discusses the entry of a group bringing their Bikurim into Yerushalayim. As they walked past, all the tradesmen would ...

1. ... rise in their honor and ...

2. ... greet them, adding 'Our brothers, men of such and such a place (they would arrive area by area), come in peace'.

(b)Rebbi Yochanan resolved the Kashya on himself from this Mishnah - by extrapolating from the word used in the Mishnah 'Mipneihem - ve'Lo Mipnei Talmidei-Chachamim'.

(c)Rebbi Yossi bar Avin then suggested that everybody stood up for the people bringing their Bikurim - due to the principle Chavivah Mitzvah be'Sha'tah.

(d)We refute this however - by countering that they stopped work and stood up - to make them feel good about their trip, giving them the encouragement to come again next year.

13)

(a)Rav Nachman interprets 'ad ke'Isar ha'Italki' (regarding the Shi'ur Kashrus in our Mishnah) as - up to but excluding an Isar. If it is the size of an Isar, it is T'reifah (like more than an Isar).

(b)He follows the principle - Ad ve'Lo ad bi'Chelal ('Ad' is always exclusive).

(c)We know that Rav Nachman is referring to our Mishnah, and not to the Mishnah 'Eilu T'reifos' (even though the word 'Ad' is not mentioned there) - because the term 'Ad' would be inappropriate there; What the Tana would have said is 'Kamah Techsar u'Sehei T'reifah? ke'Isar' (How much needs to be missing in order to be T'reifah? An Isar').

14)

(a)The Mishnah in Keilim declares Tahor, a rope up to five Tefachim that still protrudes after a bed (of ropes) has been completed. It is not subject to Tum'ah ...

1. ... together with the bed - because it is too short to be of any real use (and therefore stands to be cut off).

2. ... independently - because a raw material must be either spun or woven before it becomes subject to Tum'ah.

(b)Rav Nachman will interpret ...

1. ... the Mishnah in Keilim - to mean up to, but excluding, five Tefachim.

2. ... the continuation of the Mishnah me'Chamishah ad Asarah, Tamei - in the same way (up to, but excluding, ten Tefachim).

(c)Once the rope reaches a length of five Tefachim - it become fit to tie the lamb of the Korban Pesach to one's bed-post (to commemorate this great act of self-sacrifice in Egypt) and - to lower the bed into the Mikvah, should it become Tamei and require Tevilah.

(d)The excess of ten Tefachim is not however, subject to Tum'ah - because it is redundant, and stands to be cut off.