(Mishnah): One may eat dry food of Terumah (it was not Huchshar) with dirty hands, but not of Kodesh;

An Onen and Mechusar Kipurim need Tevilah for Kodesh, but not for Terumah.

(Gemara - R. Chananyah ben Antiganas) Question: Are there dry foods regarding Kodesh?! (Even if it was never wet, Chibas ha'Kodesh is Machshir it!)

Answer: [Rather,] one may insert a skewer into a cake and eat with it a [Chulin] onion of for [a cake of] Terumah, but not for Kodesh. (We explained this like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.)

(Mishnah): If one was eating a fig cake with dirty hands, and he entered his hand into his mouth to remove a pebble [R. Meir is Metamei, and R. Yehudah is Metaher].

(Chizkiyah): [R. Meir] refers only to a fig cake, for he wants the liquids on his finger, but other matters, no.

(R. Yochanan): There is no difference between a fig cake and all other matters.

Question (against Chizkiyah - Mishnah): If one touched a Tamei Mes, and food and drink were in his mouth, and he entered his head into the airspace of a Tahor oven, [the liquid] was Metamei it. (The man is a Rishon, and he makes the liquid a Rishon. The only Rishon that is Metamei a Kli is a liquid);

If a Tahor had food or drink in his mouth, and he entered his head into the airspace of a Tamei oven, [the oven] was Metamei them.

Question: Granted, liquids become Tamei [without Hechsher]. How was the food Huchshar? Was it not from the liquid in his mouth?

Answers: We can say that it is a fat fig cake, or food that became Huchshar when it was outside [his mouth].

Question (against R. Yochanan - Mishnah): One may eat dry food of Terumah with dirty hands, but not of Kodesh. (Why is this permitted for Terumah? His saliva is Machshir the Terumah!)

Answer: The case is, he throws [the food into his mouth, and does not touch it when it is in his mouth].

Question: If he throws, it should be permitted even for Kodesh!

Answer: [We forbid,] lest he forget and touch.

Question: [If so,] even for Terumah it should be forbidden!

Question: How can we answer this?

Answer: Ochlei Terumah are zealous; he will not forget. Ochlei Kodesh are not zealous; he might forget.

(Mishnah): An Onen may touch [Kodshim], but not offer, and he does not receive a share to eat at night.

Question: There you say that he may touch, and here (in our Mishnah) you say that [before immersing, an Onen] may not touch!

Answer (R. Yanai): Here, he diverted his mind [from guarding himself from Tum'ah]. Here (i.e. that Mishnah), he did not divert his mind.

Question (R. Yosah): If he diverted his mind, even Terumah should be forbidden!

Question: How can we answer [the contradiction in Mishnayos]?

Answer: It is like R. Yirmeyah said in the name of R. Ba bar Mamal - they made [an Onen] like one who eats a Revi'i of Kodesh;

Inference: One who eats a food that is a Revi'i of Kodesh, he may not eat [Kodesh without Tevilah, but he may touch. Also here, he may not eat, but he may touch.

(Mishnah): [A Yoledes may immerse seven (14) days after giving birth to a male (female), but she may not eat Terumah until day 41 (81). Beis Shamai say, she must immerse at the end. Beis Hillel say, she need not immerse at the end.

Question: What is the case?

If it is to eat Terumah, it is difficult for Beis Shamai - is she not a Tevul Yom?! Does not a Tevul Yom eat at night [without another Tevilah]?!

If it is to eat Kodshim, it is difficult for Beis Hillel - is she not Mechusar Kipurim?! Does not a Mechusar Kipurim require Tevilah for Kodesh?!

Answer #1: If you will say that it discusses Terumah there, here the Reisha (an Onen and Mechusar Kipurim need Tevilah for Kodesh) is like everyone and the Seifa (but not for Terumah) is an argument (it is only like Beis Hillel).

Answer #2: If you will say that it discusses Kodesh there, here the Reisha (an Onen and Mechusar Kipurim need Tevilah for Kodesh) is an argument (it is only like Beis Shamai), and the Seifa (but not for Terumah) is like everyone.

Answer #3 (R. Shmuel bar Avodumi, in front of R. Mana): It discusses Terumah there. Beis Shamai's reason is due to commoners, lest they say "we saw a woman spurting blood and eating Terumah.''

(Mishnah): A stringency of Terumah is that in Yehudah, people are believed about Taharah of [Kodesh] wine and oil the entire year, and at the time of Gitos and Badim (when they press wine and oil), they are believed even about Terumah;

If the Gitos and Badim passed, and [Amei ha'Aretz] brought to [a Kohen Chaver] a barrel of Terumah wine, he may not accept it from him. Rather, he [the Am ha'Aretz] leaves it until the coming Gas [and then the Kohen will accept it from him].

If [the Am ha'Aretz] told him "I put into it a Revi'is of Kodesh'', he is believed.

Barrels of wine and barrel of oil of Meduma (a mixture of Terumah and Chulin), he is believed about them at the time of the Gitos and Badim, 70 days before the Gas (this will be explained).

(Gemara) Implied question: A stringency of Terumah is that in Yehudah, people are believed [about Kodesh]. This implies that in Galil, they are not believed [about Kodesh. What is the reason?]

Answer (R. Simon citing R. Yehoshua ben Levi citing R. Pediyah): It is because a strip of [land of] Nochrim separates [between Galil and Yerushalayim, and Chachamim decreed Tum'ah on Chutz la'Aretz].

Question (Mishnah): The second best place [for oil for Menachos] is Ragav in Ever ha'Yarden. Are there no strips of [land of] Nochrim that separate?!

Answer (R. Shamai): The case is, he brings olives [that were not Huchshar] and crushes them there [in Yehudah, to make oil].

In Yehudah, people are believed about [Kodesh] wine, but not about barrels [after the Kodesh was removed from them]. In Galil, they are not believed about wine, and not about barrels.

(R. Simon citing R. Yehoshua ben Levi): If a Ben Darom (i.e. of Yehudah) said "I brought it from Galil'', he is believed [to disqualify it for Kodesh]. If a Ben Galil said "I brought it from the south (Yehudah)'', he is not believed [to be Machshir it for Kodesh. We explained this like PNEI MOSHE.]

Assumption (R. Yirmeyah): This [he is believed at the time of Gitos and Badim] refers to Terumah made Al Gav ha'Kodesh, but Al Gav Atzmah (Stam Terumah), no.

Rebuttal (R. Yosah): It is even if it was made Al Gav Atzmah.

Question (against R. Yosah - Mishnah): [Amei ha'Aretz who will work with grapes or olives,] one must oversee them until they immerse [in order to be the Metaher the Terumah that will be taken. According to R. Yirmeyah, we could say that this refers to Terumah Al Gav Atzmah!]

Answer: This refers to not at the time of the Bad.

Question: (Granted, we can say that he harvests olives now, but will not press them now.) Can you say [about grapes] that it is not at the time of the Gas?! (The grapes will spoil if he does not press them! - PNEI MOSHE.)

Answer (R. Yitzchak bei R. Lazar): It refers to earlier, before three people harvested grapes.

If Taharos touched [a barrel] at the time of the Gitos and Badim, the Taharos are Tahor. After the Gitos and Badim passed, the Taharos are Tamei.

Objection: Is there a Kli Cheres that after it is Tahor, it becomes Tamei [without contacting Tum'ah]?!

Note: We could ask so about any Kli. Since below we ask that a Tamei Kli Cheres cannot become Tahor, also here we ask about a Kli Cheres.

Answer: Do we not find so [in our Mishnah]?!

Correction: Rather, [the Chidush and question were as follows]. If Taharos touched [a barrel] before the Gitos and Badim, the Taharos are Temei'im. At the time of the Gitos and Badim, the Taharos are Tahor.

Objection: Is there a Kli Cheres that after it became Tamei, it becomes Tahor?!

Answer: Do we not find so [in our Mishnah]?!

Correction: Rather, [the Chidush and question were as follows]. If Taharos touched [a barrel] when it is full [of Kodesh, at any time of the year], the Taharos are Tahor. If he cleared out [the Kodesh and Taharos touched the barrel], the Taharos are Tamei.

Objection: Is there a Kli Cheres that after it is Tahor, it becomes Tamei?!

Answer: Do we not find [that Chachamim enacted] so?!

Correction: Rather, if Taharos touched [a barrel] when it is empty, the Taharos are Tamei. If he filled it [with Kodesh], the Taharos are Tamei.

Objection: Is there a Kli Cheres that after it became Tamei, it becomes Tahor?!

Answer: Do we not find [that Chachamim enacted] so?! (We explained this Sugya like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

R. Yochanan said that Kosht (an ingredient of the Ketores), Kiruyah (a hollow pumpkin used to draw water), a Mavuy, a convert and an Am ha'Aretz, all of these [the Tana was ambiguous, and] we are stringent;

Kosht - a Mishnah teaches that Kosht, ginger, fragrant spices, Ti'ah (aconite), Chiltis (a plant used as a resin, its leaves are used as a spice and for medicines), (black) pepper, Chalos Chari'a (a lozenge made of saffron or safflower) may be bought with Kesef Ma'aser, and they do not have Tum'as Ochlim. R. Akiva says so;

(R. Yochanan ben Nuri): If they are bought with Kesef Mishneh, why do they not have Tum'as Ochlim?! If they do not have Tum'as Ochlim, they should not be bought with Kesef Ma'aser!

(R. Yochanan): [R. Yochanan ben Nuri] is stringent [due to his Safek]. They have Tum'as Ochlim, and they are not bought with Kesef Ma'aser.

Kiruyah - a Mishnah teaches that a pumpkin that was immersed in water [for a mere stringency], one may be Mekadesh [Mei Chatas] in it, before it became Tamei. If it became Tamei, one may not be Mekadesh in it [even after Tevilah, lest it emit Tamei water];

R. Yehoshua says, if one may be Mekadesh in it initially (before it became Tamei), one may be Mekadesh in it at the end (after it became Tamei and was immersed). If one may not be Mekadesh in it at the end, one may not be Mekadesh in it initially. In either case, one may not gather in it water after Kidush.

(R. Yochanan): [R. Yehoshua] is stringent. One may not be Mekadesh in it initially, and not at the end.

Mavuy - our Mishnah teaches that if the Korah or Lechi of a Mavuy was removed... [R. Yosi says, if it is permitted for that Shabbos it is permitted in the future. If it is forbidden for the future it is forbidden for that Shabbos];

(R. Yochanan): [R. Yosi] is stringent. They are forbidden both this Shabbos, and also the next Shabbos.

A convert - a Beraisa teaches that if a convert converted and he had wines, and he says "it is clear to me that none were poured [to idolatry]'' - if he made the wine himself, it is Tahor (permitted) to him and Tamei (forbidden) to others. If others (Nochrim) were involved in it, it is Tamei to him and to others;

R. Akiva says, if it is Tahor to him, it should be Tahor to others. If it is Tamei to others, it should be Tamei to him!

(R. Yochanan): [R. Akiva] is stringent. It is Tamei both to him and to others.

An Am ha'Aretz - a Beraisa teaches that if an Am ha'Aretz accepted to be a Chaver (trustworthy about Taharos) and he has Taharos, and he says "it is clear to me that they were made in Taharah'' - if he made them himself, they are Tahor to him and Tamei to others. If others (Amei ha'Aretz) were involved in them, they are Tamei to him and to others;

R. Akiva says, if they are Tahor to him, they should be Tahor to others. If they are Tamei to others, they should be Tamei to him!

(R. Yochanan): [R. Akiva] is stringent. They are Tamei both to him and to others.

(R. Yanai): The Rovim (R. Chiya's sons) used to say that [our Mishnah discusses] Terumah made Al Gav ha'Kodesh, but Al Gav Atzmah, no. I say that it is even if it was made Al Gav Atzmah.

Observation: R. Yosi [who said above (20a) that our Mishnah discusses even Terumah made Al Gav Atzmah] holds like R. Yanai, and R. Yirmeyah [who said that it is only for Terumah made Al Gav ha'Kodesh] holds like the Rovim.

(Mishnah): If [the Am ha'Aretz] told him "I put into it a Revi'is of Kodesh'', he is believed.

Since he is believed about the Kodesh, he is believed about the Terumah.

(Mishnah): Barrels of wine and barrel of oil of Meduma [he is believed about them at the time of the Gitos and Badim, 70 days before the Gas].

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): These are [barrels] in which one puts Dema (Chulin, which is like a mixture of Terumah and Chulin. We explained this like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)