(Mishnah): We wash the hands for Chulin, Ma'aser and Terumah, and immerse them for Kodshim. For Chatas (Parah Adumah), if his hands became Tamei, his body became Tamei [and he must immerse].

(Gemara) Question: Do hands [Metamei] for Chulin?! (Chachamim decreed only that Stam hands are a Sheni l'Tum'ah. A Sheni is not Metamei Chulin!)

Suggestion: This is like R. Shimon ben Elazar [says below].

Rebuttal: R. Shimon ben Elazar says that hands [become a Rishon through Tum'ah, and are Metamei] Chulin. (He did not say so about Stam hands!)

Answer: It is like everyone. [All agree that Stam hands are a Sheni. They enacted washing for Chulin] in order that [all the more so] one will refrain from Terumah [before washing his hands].

(Beraisa - R. Shimon ben Elazar citing R. Meir): Hands are a Rishon for Chulin and a Sheni for Terumah.

Question: Does R. Shimon ben Elazar hold like R. Akiva?

(Mishnah): One who sticks his hands [after he washed them] into a house with Tzara'as, his hands are a Rishon. R. Akiva says so. Chachamim say, they are a Sheni.

Answer: He holds like Rabanan there. What is the reason here (Bayis ha'Menuga)? Because you tell him that his hands are a Sheni, he refrains from Terumah. (When he touches other Tum'os, R. Shimon ben Elazar says that his hands become a Rishon. We explained this like MEICHAL HA'MAYIM.)

Question: Did they not decree due to a liquid [on food? His hands] should be a Rishon (just like a Tamei liquid is always a Rishon)!

Answer #1: A Kal v'Chomer [teaches why they are not]. A Tevul Yom, which is mid'Oraisa, only disqualifies [Terumah]. Hands, which are mid'Rabanan, all the more so!

Answer #2: They decreed about hands so he will refrain from Terumah. [It suffices that] you tell him that his hands are a Sheni, and he refrains from Terumah!

Question (Mishnah): Terumah and Bikurim, one is Chayav Misah [bi'Ydei Shamayim] for them (eating them b'Tum'ah or a Zar who eats them), and they are forbidden to Zarim, and they are a Kohen's property, and they are Batel in 101 [parts of a mixture with Chulin], and they require Netilas Yadayim and Ha'arev Shemesh (if one was Tamei and immersed, he may not eat them until nightfall). These apply to Terumah and Bikurim, but not to Ma'aser.

There you say that Netilas Yadayim is not needed for Ma'aser, and here (our Mishnah) you say that Ma'aser requires Netilas Yadayim!

Answer #1: [Here] we say that Netilas Yadayim is needed for Ma'aser, like Rabanan. There we say that Ma'aser does not require washing, according to R. Meir;

(Mishnah): Anyone who must immerse mid'Rabanan, he is Metamei Kodesh (makes it a Shelishi, so it can disqualify other Kodesh) and disqualifies Terumah, and he is permitted Chulin and Ma'aser. R. Meir says so. Chachamim forbid Ma'aser.

Rejection: Did [the one who answered this] not hear that R. Shmuel said in the name of R. Ze'irah, what does it mean "Chachamim forbid Ma'aser''? His body is disqualified from eating Ma'aser (but he may touch it)!

Question: How can we answer [the contradiction about Ma'aser]?

Answer #2: [Here] you say that washing is needed for Ma'aser, when he wants to eat. There we say that Ma'aser does not require washing, when he wants to touch.

Objection: One who wants to eat [should be like] when he wants to touch! (It is unreasonable to distinguish them.)

Answer #3: Here we are stringent [to wash for eating bread of Chulin or Ma'aser] for Serach [in order that people will be stringent about Terumah].

Objection: Our Mishnah teaches [also] Terumah. Can you say that one must wash for Terumah due to Serach?!

Answer #4: [Our Mishnah discusses] Chulin made Al Taharas (with all the stringencies as if it were) ha'Kodesh.

Question: Are Chulin made Al Taharas ha'Kodesh not like Chulin?!

Answer: We can answer like R. Shimon ben Elazar or like R. Elazar bei R. Tzadok;

[Our Mishnah can hold that Chulin made Al Taharas ha'Kodesh are like Chulin, and] it is like R. Shimon ben Elazar. A Beraisa taught, R. Shimon ben Elazar citing R. Meir said that hands are a Rishon for Chulin and a Sheni for Terumah.

Or, [our Mishnah] can be like R. Elazar bei R. Tzadok;

(Mishnah): Chulin made Al Gav ha'Kodesh are like Chulin. R. Elazar bei R. Tzadok says, they are like Terumah; [an Av ha'Tum'ah is] Metamei two (the first such food it touches becomes a Rishon, the second is a Sheni) and disqualify one (the third is a Shelishi; it does not make a Revi'i).

(Mishnah): For Kodesh we immerse [the hands].

Question: Wherever the Mishnah teaches "we immerse'', it is in 40 Sa'im. A Beraisa teaches that one who washes his hands for Mekudash needs a Revi'is!

Answer #1 (R. Lazar): Here his hands are Tamei (he needs 40 Sa'im). Here his hands are Tahor (a Revi'is suffices).

Answer #2 (R. Chanina brei d'R. Hillel): You can even say that in both cases, his hands are Tahor, or in both cases, his hands are Tamei;

Here we discuss true Kodesh (he needs 40 Sa'im). Here we discuss Chulin made Al Gav ha'Kodesh (a Revi'is suffices).

(Mishnah): For Chatas (Parah Adumah), if his hands became Tamei, his body became Tamei.

(R. Chananyah): [Chachamim] did not make a new Tum'ah for Chatas. Rather, they said that one who received a light Tum'ah is like that one who received a severe Tum'ah.

(R. Yakov bar Acha citing R. Lazar): "V'Asaf Ish'' - why does it say "Tahor''? Exert yourself [and you will find the answer]! Even if he gathered [the ashes] with a Magreifah (a Kli to sweep ashes, and he does not touch them), the Torah said [that he must be] Tahor.

Question: What is the case?

If the Magreifah is of metal, Pashut Kelim (without a receptacle) of metal [can become] Tamei! (Surely he must be Tahor, lest he be Metamei the Kli.)

[And even] if the Magreifah is of wood, are [the ashes] not like standing due to something Tamei?! (If the man is Tamei, it is as if the ashes rest be in a Tamei place. The Torah mandates a Tahor place!)

Answer #1 (R. Hoshayah): The case is, he gathered (swept the ashes) it with a board. (He was not holding them up.)

Objection: Is it possible that he does not hold them up [even a little]?!

Answer #2 (R. Yudan, the father of R. Matanyah): The case is, he gathered them with a thick board. (He cannot lift it. We explained this like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

Question (R. Ba bar Mamal, to R. Ami): What is the difference between a person Tahor for Chatas, and an empty Kli Tahor for Chatas? (Chachamim (Parah 11:6) hold that anyone who needs to immerse, even mid'Rabanan, is Metamei the person through touching or moving. He is Metamei the Kli only through touching, but not through moving.)

Answer (R. Ami): "V'Asaf Ish Tahor'' - why does it say "Ish''? This gives a higher Taharah to a person, to make him like Mei Chatas and ashes of Chatas.

(R. Yosa citing Reish Lakish): (Why does it say "Tahor''?) Moving, which I (the Torah) was Metaher for you regarding a Sheretz, I am Metamei to you here.