(Mishnah): One may give over a cow or donkey or any other animal that works and consumes, to divide the profits. (The recipient supplies the various costs to maintain the animal, such as food.)

In a place where the custom is to divide the offspring immediately, they should do so; if the custom is for the recipient to raise them, he should raise them.

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: When dividing the profits, one includes a calf together with its mother and a foal with its mother.

Also, a sharecropper may use part of the field owner's profits to use for improving the field (even though the improvement will cause greater profits to be returned to the field owner) and there is no concern of ribis.

(Gemara) - Beraisa: A person gives his friend an animal on condition that it will bring the owner one child and one shearing per year; with a hen, it should bring the owner 10 eggs per month.

A woman who accepts from her friend a hen (to raise chicks), she must care for the chicks as long as they need their mother.

One must care for a small animal for 30 days and a large animal for 50 days.

R. Yosi: One must care for a small animal for 3 months as they need a lot of care (as they have small teeth).

Beyond these times, 'his portion is the owner's and the evaluation is upon him''. (This will be explained.) Everything follows the custom of that region.

Question: What is the meaning of 'his portion is the owner's and the evaluation is upon him''?

Answer: A person who gave his friend 100 dinars and earned through them 20 dinars - each of them receives half of the earnings. The friend may then take the owner's earnings and combine it with the principal 100 dinars. Those earnings now become like the principle and the friend can now begin to earn from those earnings as well.

Question: But people would not do this! Rather, they divide at the end and the recipient only receives a half of the profits.

If a person accepted an animal to raise and divide the profits with the owner, how long must he be responsible for it? For an animal, 12 months; for a human, 24 months.

In a place where the custom is to pay the recipient for investing the money, one should pay him. If he received young animals to raise (and there were expenses involved), he is paid for this.

The Mishnah taught: R. Shimon ben Gamliel says - one assesses (a calf together with its mother and a foal with its mother).

Even in a place where they pay for carrying, there is no issue of ribis.

One who takes an animal to use to earn, how long must he be responsible for it?

Sumchus: Small animals for 12 months and she-donkeys for 14 months.

If he decided to dissolve the partnership during the time, it must be assessed. If it was after the time, it is not assessed. The reason is that care for the first year is not the same as care for the second year. (In the first year, it requires a lot of care and the profits are small. In the second year, the care is less and the profits are higher.)

One who gives an animal to his friend (to later split the profits), he should not care for it for less than 12 months.

If it died through negligence, he must pay for all of it. If it died without negligence, he should pay half...

How is this? If he evaluated that it was worth one hundred dinars and he improved until it was worth 200 dinars (meaning that the profit was 100 dinars, split half-half between them; if it died through negligence, he must pay 6 gold dinars i.e. 150 dinars (which includes the principle of 100 dinars and the owner's profit of 50 dinars). If he was not negligent, he must pay 50 dinars (as he accepted to be responsible for half of the principle - however, he does not need to pay for profit).

If it had deteriorated from 100 dinars and was worth 50, (the loss is shared between them, so that the owner now has a claim of 75 dinars on the animal); if it died through negligence, he must pay the owner 3 golden dinars i.e. 75 dinars. If he was not negligent, he must pay 50 dinars (which is a half of its original value).

One who gives an animal to his friend, he should not care for it for less than 12 months.

If he used it the entire summer and he wishes to sell it in the rainy season, he can be forced to continue to feed it throughout the rainy season.

If he fed it throughout the rainy season and wished to sell it in the summer months, he can be forced to continue feeding it throughout the summer months.

Beraisa (R. Shimon ben Gamliel): A sharecropper may borrow part of the field owner's profits to use for improving the field.

How is this? If he received it on condition to give the owner 10 kur each year of the wheat produced. The sharecropper said to the owner, "Give me a selah and I will (invest it into the field) and give you 12 kur for the threshing floor''; this is permitted.

R. Yochanan: The selah is not a loan - it is for improving the field, causing a better crop to harvest.

Reish Lakish: It is as if rented out the field for a high price.

What is the practical difference between these two explanations? A shop and a boat. According to R. Yochanan, it applies even to a shop or a boat.

According to Reish Lakish, it would not apply to a shop or a boat.

R. Yaakov bar Acha: R. Yochanan and Reish Lakish explicitly disagree. R. Yochanan said that the permission applies to a shop or boat and Reish Lakish said it does not.

Baraisa (supporting Reish Lakish): One may not invest in this way, neither for a shop or boat, nor anything where he does not invest the money in the field itself.