(Mishnah): If Reuven passed and did not cover it, and Shimon [used it] and did not cover it, Shimon is liable.

(R. Ba bar Bizna citing R. Yosa citing R. Yochanan): [If Reuven found out that it is uncovered,] we give to him time to cut cedar trees from the forest. (After this time, also he is liable for it.)

This can be a stringency, and it can be a leniency. Sometimes they are close to the forest, and sometimes they are far from the forest.

(Mishnah): If one properly covered a pit...

Question: What is considered [properly] covered?

Answer: It is like a Mishnah taught there - in order that a wagon laden with rocks can pass over.

(R. Yanai): If an animal fell into [the pit], whether forwards or backwards, he is liable. If it fell outside, if it fell forwards he is liable; backwards, he is exempt. (We explained this like RIDVAZ.)