Mishnah 1
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1)

(a)On what condition does the Tana permit cooking ...

1. ... directly on Yom-Tov that falls on a Friday for Shabbos without any preparation?

2. ... even without an Eiruv?

(b)Some say that the objective of Eiruv Tavshilin is in honor of Shabbos, so as to not forget about Shabbos in the hustle and bustle of one's Yom-Tov preparations. What do others say?

(c)Does Eiruv Tavshilin require a B'rachah?

1)

(a)The Tana permits cooking ...

1. ... directly on Yom-Tov that falls on a Friday for Shabbos - provided one prepares an Eiruv Tavshilin (See Tos. Yom-Tov) before Yom-Tov (Ibid.).

2. ... - even without an Eiruv - by cooking liberally for Yom-Tov and using the leftovers for Shabbos.

(b)Some say that the objective of Eiruv Tavshilin is in honor of Shabbos, so as to not forget to pick a nice portion for Shabbos in the hustle and bustle of one's Yom-Tov preparations. Others say that - it is in honor of Yom-Tov, so that, when one realizes that one is not permitted to cook on Yom-Tov Lechatchilah for Shabbos, one will not come to denigrate it and cook for Chol (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)Eiruv Tavshilin, like Eiruv Chatzeiros - requires a B'rachah.

2)

(a)The ritual of Eiruv Tavshilin includes being Mezakeh on behalf of anyone who needs it. How does one do this?

(b)On what grounds can one do this even without the knowledge of the beneficiaries?

2)

(a)The ritual of Eiruv Tavshilin includes being Mezakeh on behalf of anyone who needs it. One does this - by handing the Eiruv to a third person who acquires it on behalf of any potential beneficiary ...

(b)... even without their knowledge - due to the principle "Zachin le'Adam she'Lo be'Fanav" (one can acquire something (that is beneficial to him) on behalf of a person even without his knowledge).

3)

(a)Beis Shamai require two cooked dishes. What do Beis Hillel say?

(b)What does the Tana say about fish and the egg in which it has been cooked?

3)

(a)Beis Shamai require two cooked dishes. According to Beis Hillel - one will suffice.

(b)The Mishnah rules that fish and the egg in which it has been cooked (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - count as two dishes, even according to Beis Shamai.

4)

(a)What is one permitted to do if one's Eiruv is eaten or lost?

(b)On what condition is one even permitted to cook Lechatchilach?

(c)What is the minimum (initial) Shi'ur for Eiruv Tavshilin?

4)

(a)Someone whose Eiruv is eaten or lost is permitted - to finish any dish that he has begun to prepare.

(b)One is even permitted to cook Lechatchilach - provided a Kol Sh'hu of the Eiruv remains intact (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)The minimum (initial) Shi'ur for Eiruv Tavshilin is - a k'Zayis (irrespective of how many people are sharing the Eiruv).

Mishnah 2
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5)

(a)If Yom-Tov falls on Sunday, Beis Shamai require that one Tovels both oneself and one's cooking utensils (for Yom-Tov) before Shabbos. What is the significance of Tevilah here?

(b)Why do Beis Shamai forbid Tevilah on Shabbos?

(c)On what grounds do Beis Hillel nevertheless permit it?

5)

(a)If Yom-Tov falls on Sunday, Beis Shamai require that one Tovels both oneself and one's cooking utensils (for Yom-Tov) before Shabbos - since everyone is Chayav to Tovel in honor of Yom-Tov (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)Beis Shamai forbid Tevilah on Shabbos - because it resembles 'Tikun Mana' (remedying something/someone that is unfit).

(c)Beis Hillel nevertheless permit it - because it looks as if one is merely entering the water to cool off, for one's personal pleasure.

Mishnah 3
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6)

(a)Beis Hillel and Beis Shamai agree that one may make Hashakah ('Mashikin') with water in a stone vessel on Yom-Tov in order to Tovel it. What does 'Mashikin' mean?

(b)Why specifically in a stone vessel?

(c)Why can he not simply drink the water from the Mikvah?

(d)Why is Hashakah effective with water but not with any other kind of food?

(e)What does the Tana mean when he adds 'Aval Lo Matbilin'?

6)

(a)Beis Hillel and Beis Shamai agree that one may make Hashakah ('Mashikin') with water in a stone vessel on Yom-Tov in order to Tovel it. 'Mashikin' means - that one lowers the stone vessel until the water that is contains is 'kissing' (touching) the water in the Mikvah, rendering the former Tahor.

(b)Specifically in a stone vessel - because the water would render any other vessel Tamei, in which case Hashakah would then be forbidden (as we shall see shortly).

(c)He cannot simply drink the water from the Mikvah - because it speaks in a case where it is nor drinkable because it is salty or for some other reason.

(d)Hashakah is effective with water but not with any other kind of food - since the process is not one of Tevilah, but rather of 'Zeri'ah' (sowing), which causes the water in the K'li to merge together with the water in the Mikvah.

(e)When the Tana adds 'Aval Lo Matbilin', he means - that one is not permitted to do the same thing using a wooden K'li, since it will become Tamei through contact with the Tamei water, and will require Tevilah, which the Chachamim did not pertmit under any circumstances (See Tos. Yom-Tom).

7)

(a)And what is the basic meaning of 'u'Matbilin mi'Gav le'Gav'?

(b)How does this work practically in a case where somebody Tovels his vessels in order to use ...

1. ... in the olive-press to make Chulin oil? What does he then decide to do?

2. ... in order to press grapes to make Terumah wine?

(c)The Tana concludes with 'u'me'Chaburah la'Chaburah'. What does this mean?

(d)What is the Mishnah now coming to teach us?

7)

(a)The basic meaning of 'u'Matbilin mi'Gav le'Gav' is - something that has been Toveled for a lower level of Kedushah must be Toveled again if the owner subsequently decides to use it for a higher level of Kedushah.

(b)Practically speaking, this means for example, where somebody Tovels his vessels in order to ...

1. ... use in the olive-press to make Chulin oil - and then decides that he wants to use them to press grapes (See Tos. Yom-Tov) in the winepress in order to make Terumah wine.

2. ... press grapes to make Terumah wine - and then decides to use them for Kodesh.

(c)The Tana concludes with 'u'me'Chaburah la'Chaburah' - meaning that the same ruling applies to somebody who Tovels his Keilim with the intention of eating his Korban Pesach with one group, and then decides to eat it with another group (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)The Mishnah is now coming to teach us - that since the purpose of the two above Tevilos are not to make Tahor something that is Tamei, but rather to add another level of Taharah to something that it already Tahor, 'Tikun K'li' does not apply and one is permitted to do it even on Shabbos and Yom-Tov.

Mishnah 4
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8)

(a)What sort of Korbanos are Beis Shamai referring to when they permit bringing Shelamim on Yom-Tov without performing Semichah?

(b)On what grounds do they forbid the Semichah?

(c)If Semichah is an intrinsic part of the Korban, how can one simply omit it?

8)

(a)When Beis Shamai permit bringing Shelamim on Yom-Tov without performing Semichah - they are referring to Olos Yachid (as opposed to Temidin and Musafin).

(b)They forbid the Semichah - because one is forbidden to use an animal on Yom-Tov (and when one leans on it one is being supported by it [See Tos. Yom-Tov and Tiferes Yisrael]).

(c)Semichah is an intrinsic part of the Korban - only since Beis Shamai do not hold of 'Teikef li'Semichah Shechitah' (that the Shechitah must be performed immediately following the Semichah), it is possible to do it on Erev Yom-Tov.

9)

(a)And what sort of Olos are they referring to when the forbid bringing Olos on Yom-Tov altogether?

(b)What is the difference between Olos Re'iyah on the one hand, and Temidin and Musafin (which even Beis Shamai concede are permitted) on the other?

9)

(a)And when they forbid bringing Olos on Yom-Tov altogether - they are referring even to Olos Re'iyah.

(b)The difference between Olos Re'iyah on the one hand, and Temidin and Musafin (which even Beis Shamai concedes are permitted) on the other is - that whereas the time of the former is fixed, the latter can be brought during the subsequent days of Chol ha'Mo'ed.

10)

(a)What do Beis Hillel say about bringing Olos Re'iyah and Shalmei Chagigah (and Simchah) on Yom-Tov?

(b)If Beis Shamai learn that the Torah permits only what is for one's personal use on Yom-Tov from the word "Lachem" (in the Pasuk in Pinchas, in connection with Shemini Atzeres "Atzeres Tih'yeh lachem"), from which Pasuk in Re'ei (in connection with the seventh days of Pesach) do Beis Hillel permit bringing even Olos Re'iyah, that are entirely for Hash-m?

(c)And on what basis do they permit the owner to perform Semichah on the Shalmei Chagigah on Yom-Tov? Why can he not perform it on Erev Yom-Tov?

(d)What do even Beis Hillel say about bringing Nedarim and Nedavos on Yom-Tov?

10)

(a)Beis Hillel - permit bringing Olos Re'iyah and Shalmei Chagigah (and Simchah) on Yom-Tov.

(b)Beis Shamai learn that the Torah permits only what is for one's personal use on Yom-Tov from the word "lachem" (in the Pasuk in Pinchas, in connection with Shemini Atzeres "Atzeres Tih'yeh lachem"), whereas Beis Hillel permit bringing even Olos Re'iyah, that are entirely for Hash-m from the Pasuk in Re'ei (in connection with the seventh days of Pesach) - "Atzeres la'Hashem".

(c)And they permit the owner to perform Semichah on the Shalmei Chagigah on Yom-Tov - because they hold 'Teikef li'Semichah Shechitah' (the Shechitah of Kodshim must follow the Semichah immediately.

(d)Even Beis Hillel agree that - one may not bring Nedarim and Nedavos on Yom-Tov.

Mishnah 5
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11)

(a)On what condition do Beis Shamai permit heating water for washing one's feet (See Tiferes Yisrael) on Yom-Tov?

(b)On what grounds do Beis Hillel permit it outright?

11)

(a)Beis Shamai permit heating water for washing one's feet (See Tiferes Yisrael) on Yom-Tov - provided the water is fit to drink (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(b)Beis Hillel permit it outright - because, as already learned, they hold of the principle 'Mitoch'.

12)

(a)What is one permitted to wash, using water that was heated on Yom-Tov?

(b)Why is one not permitted to wash one's whole body?

(c)On what condition is that too, permitted?

(d)What does the Mishnah say about lighting a bonfire on Yom-Tov?

12)

(a)One is permitted to wash - one's face, feet and hands, using water that was heated on Yom-Tov.

(b)One is not permitted to wash one's whole body - due to a decree on account of Shabbos.

(c)That too, is permitted however - using water that was heated before Yom-Tov.

(d)The Mishnah - permits lighting a bonfire on Yom-Tov and warming oneself beside it (See Tiferes Yisrael).

Mishnah 6
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13)

(a)In how many issues was Raban Gamliel strict like Beis Shamai?

(b)The first issue is 'Ein Tomnin es ha'Chamin (not to wrap a cooked dish) mi'Yom-Tov le'Shabbos'. Why did they forbid it?

(c)On what condition will they permit it?

(d)What do Beis Hillel say?

13)

(a)Was Raban Gamliel was strict like Beis Shamai (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - in three issues.

(b)The first issue is 'Ein Tomnin es ha'Chamin (not to wrap a cooked dish) mi'Yom-Tov le'Shabbos', which they forbade - because, with regard to the Dinim of Eiruv, in order to cook on Yom-Tov for Shabbos, one requires a cooked dish, to bake, one requires a baked loaf (which everybody does). If, in addition, one intends to wrap cooked dishes, one also needs to wrap a dish as part of the Eiruv (which, we assume, was not done).

(c)They will permit it however - if one did prepare a wrapped dish as part of the Eiruv.

(d)According to Beis Hillel - a cooked dish and a baked loaf suffice to cover all one's preparations from Yom-Tov to Shabbos.

14)

(a)The second issue is 'Ein Zokfin es ha'Menorah ... '. What is the case?

(b)Why did they forbid it?

(c)What do Beis Hillel say?

14)

(a)The second issue is 'Ein Zokfin es ha'Menorah ... ' - which entails joining the pieces of a Menorah that fell apart ...

(b)... which Beis Shamai forbade - because they hold 'Yesh Binyan be'Keilim'.

(c)Beis Hillel - permitted it (See Tos.Yom-Tov) - because they hold 'Ein Binyan be'Keilim'.

15)

(a)The third issue is 'Ein Ofin Pitin G'ritzin Ela Rekikin'. What are 'Pitin G'ritzin'?

(b)Why did Beis Shamai forbid it?

(c)Why did Beis Hillel permit it?

15)

(a)The third issue is 'Ein Ofin Pitin G'ritzin - (thick loaves [See also Tos. Yom-Tov) Ela Rekikin', ...

(b)... which Beis Shamai forbids - because preparing them involves more Tircha.

(c)Beis Hillel nevertheless permit it - because it results in better-baked loaves.

16)

(a)What did the Chachamim comment when Raban Gamliel remarked that in his father's house, they did not bake thick loaves, only wafers?

(b)What did they mean when they added 'va'Chori' after 'Pitin G'ritzin').

(c)Like whom is the Halachah in all these cases?

16)

(a)When Raban Gamliel remarked that in his father's house, they did not bake thick loaves, only wafers, the Chachamim commented - that such was the way of his father's house (Raban Shimon ben Gamli'el) to be strict with themsleves but lenient with others.

(b)When they added 'va'Chori' after 'Pitin G'ritzin'), they meant - a large dough that is baked on coal, requiring a stronger fire (as coals tend to get weaker and go out), which entails more Tircha.

(c)The Halachah in all these cases is - like the Chachamim.

Mishnah 7
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17)

(a)In how many cases did Raban Gamiel issue a lenient ruling, with which the Chachamim disagreed?

(b)What did he mean when he said 'Mechabdin bein ha'Mitos' on Yom-Tov?

(c)Why did Chazal generally forbid sweeping?

(d)Then why was Raban Gamliel lenient in this case?

17)

(a)Raban Gamiel issued a lenient ruling, with which the Chachamim disagreed - in three cases.

(b)When he said 'Mechabdin bein ha'Mitos' (on Yom-Tov), he meant - that one is permitted to sweep between the reclining couches used during meals.

(c)Chazal generally forbade sweeping - on case one comes to fill in holes in the process (thereby contravening the prohibition of building [in a house] See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)And the reason that Raban Gamliel was lenient in this case - is because, since the space involved is relatively small, the chances of finding a hole there that needs to be filled in are slim See also Tos. Yom-Tov).

18)

(a)The second case was with regard to preparing a Mugmar on Yom-Tov. What is a 'Mugmar'?

(b)And the third is that he permitted a G'di Mekulas at the Seider. What is a 'T'zvi Mekulas'?

(c)The Rambam translates Mekulas as 'Mechubad' (as 'le'Alei u'Lekaleis' [in Shachris Shabbos]). How do others translate it, based on the Targum of 've'Kova Nechoshes' (by Golyas)?

18)

(a)The second case was with regard to preparing a Mugmar - (spices placed on burning coals, to create a pleasant after-dinner aroma) on Yom-Tov.

(b)And the third is that he permitted a G'di Mekulas - (a kid-goat that is roasted whole, with its legs and its intestines hanging outside it, in commemoration of the Korban Pesach) at the Seider.

(c)The Rambam translates Mekulas as 'Mechubad' (as in 'le'Alei u'Lekaleis [in Shachris Shabbos]). Based on the Targum of 've'Kova Nechoshes' (by Golyas, i.e. a metal helmet) others translate it as - 'armed like a warrior'.

19)

(a)The Chachamim do not agree with Raban Gamliel's distinction between sweeping a room and sweeping 'between the couches'. On what grounds do they also disagree with his ruling regarding ...

1. ... preparing a Mugmar?

2. ... eating a 'G'di Mekulas'?

(b)Like whom is the Halachah?

19)

(a)The Chachamim do not agree with Raban Gamliel's distinction between sweeping a room and sweeping 'between the couches'. They also disagree with his ruling regarding ...

1. ... preparing a Mugmar - because that is something that is not 'Shaveh le'Chol Nefesh' (i.e. only for people who are finnicky, and and to counter bad smells, whereas Chazal only permitted Melachos on Yom-Tov that everybody needs).

2. ... eating a 'G'di Mekulas' - because it looks as if one is eating Kodshim outside Yerushalayim.

(b)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim in all three cases.

Mishnah 8
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20)

(a)How many things did Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah permit with which the Chachamim disagreed?

(b)The first of the three concerned his cow, which went out into the street on Shabbos wearing a strap. What actually happened?

(c)On what grounds did the Chachamim disagree with ...

1. ... him?

2. ... his second leniency, where he ruled that one may scrape (Mekardin) an animal on Yom-Tov using a brush with thin sharp teeth?

(d)The third issue entailed grinding peppers using a small pepper-mill. Why did the Chachamim disagree with him there (See Tiferes Yisrael)?

20)

(a)Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah too - permitted three things with which the Chachamim disagreed.

(b)The first of the three concerned his cow, which went out into the street on Shabbos wearing a strap. In fact - it was not his cow, but that of his neighbor, and he failed to object.

(c)The Chachamim disagreed with ...

1. ... him - because it was only to enhance the cow's looks, and was not needed to prevent the cow from running away (which would have been permitted [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

2. ... his second leniency, where he ruled that one may scrape (Mekardin) an animal on Yom-Tov using a brush with thin sharp teeth - due to the fact that it creates sores on the animal (and wounding an animal or a person is forbidden on Yom-Tov).

(d)The third issue entailed grinding peppers using a small pepper-mill, with which the Chachamim disagreed - because it is 'Uvdin de'Chol' (a week-dayish occupation [Tiferes Yisrael]).

21)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah forbids 'Kirud', but permits Kirtzuf. What is 'Kirtzuf'?

(b)Why does he permit it?

(c)Then why do the Chachamim forbid even Kirtzuf?

(d)What is the basis of the Machlokes between Rebbi Yehudah and the Chachamim on the one hand, and Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah, on the other?

(e)If the Halachah is like the Chachamim in the other two cases, why do we rule like Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah regarding Kirud?

21)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah forbids 'Kirud', but permits 'Kirtzuf' - using a brush that has thicker teeth ...

(b)... which he permits - since it does not wound the animal.

(c)The Chachamim nevertheless forbid even Kirtzuf - on account of Kirud.

(d)The basis of the Machlokes between Rebbi Yehudah and the Chachamim on the one hand, and Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah, on the other is - whether 'Davar she'Ein Miskavein Mutar' (Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah) or ' ... Asur' (Rebbi Yehudah and the Chachamim).

(e)Although the Halachah is like the Chachamim in the other two cases, we rule like Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah regarding Kirud - since we hold like Rebbi Shimon, who rules 'Davar she'Ein Miskaven, Mutar'.

Mishnah 9
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22)

(a)What does the Tana mean when he says that a pepper-mill is Tamei because of three vessels?

(b)Given that the bottom section is made of wood and the top section contains a layer of metal (See Tos. Yom-Tov), how does the Tana define ...

1. ... the former?

2. ... the latter?

(c)What purpose does each one serve?

(d)Why would the top section not be subject to Tum'ah if not for the layer of metal?

22)

(a)When the Tana says that 'a pepper-mill is Tamei because of three vessels', he means - that each one is considered a K'li in its own right (i.e. if it is removed from the complete mill, it is not considered a broken piece of vessel) and is therefore subject to Tum'ah.

(b)Given that the bottom section is made of wood and the top section contains a layer of metal (See Tos. Yom-Tov), the Tana defines ...

1. ... the former as - 'K'li Kibul' (a receptacle).

2. ... the latter as - 'K'li Matachos'.

(c)The latter is the section in which the peppers are ground, whilst the former is the section into which the ground pepper falls.

(d)The top section would not be subject to Tum'ah if not for the layer of metal - because wooden vessels that are not receptacles are not subject to Tum'ah.

23)

(a)How does the Tana define the middle section?

(b)What if it is not made of metal?

(c)Why is that?

23)

(a)The Tana defines the middle section as - 'K'li K'varah' (the vessel that surrounds the sieve) ...

(b)... on which the Chachamim decreed Tum'ah even if it is not made of metal ...

(c)... because, due to its similarity to a woven garment. they placed it in a category of its own (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

Mishnah 10
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24)

(a)What category of Tum'ah does the Mishnah ascribe to a small child's play-wagon?

(b)What are the ramifications of this definition?

(c)Why does it fall under that category?

(d)On the one hand the Mishnah considers it a 'K'li' which may be moved on Shabbos, whilst on the other, he forbids dragging it along the ground on Shabbos (See Tos. Yom-Tov). Why is that?

(e)How does one then pull it along?

24)

(a)The Mishnah defines a small child's play-wagon as - Tamei Medras ...

(b)... which means that if the child is a Zav, he renders it an Av ha'Tum'ah.

(c)It falls under that category - because it is made to sit in (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)On the one hand the Mishnah considers it a 'K'li' which may be moved on Shabbos, whilst on the other, he forbids dragging it along the ground - because it is liable to make grooves in the ground, which is considered digging and is a Toldah of plowing on Shabbos.

(e)Consequently, one pulls it along - on cloths.

25)

(a)Why must the author of the Mishnah be Rebbi Yehudah? What would Rebbi Shimon say?

(b)On what grounds does Rebbi Yehudah in the Seifa, who maintains that other wagons may not be pulled along the ground, consider a play-wagon different?

(c)How can Rebbi Yehudah then disagree with himself?

(d)What is the Halachah in this regard?

25)

(a)The author of the Mishnah must be Rebbi Yehudah - who holds 'Davar she'Ein Miskaven, Asur'. Rebbi Shimon, who holds 'Davar she'Ein Miskaven, Mutar', would permit it.

(b)Rebbi Yehudah in the Seifa, who maintains that other wagons (which have sharp wheels) may not be pulled along the ground, considers a play-wagon different - because it has wide wheels, which (rather than churn up the earth) merely press it down (which does not fall under the category of digging).

(c)The Reisha and Seifa constitute two opinions as to the opinion of Rebbi Yehudah (See Tos.Yom-Tov).

(d)The Halachah however - is like Rebbi Shimon, who permits dragging a bed, chair or bench along the ground, provided one does not have the intention of creating a groove.

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