[37a - 56 lines; 37b - 58 lines]
*********************GIRSA SECTION*********************
We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any OTHER important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara, Rashi and Tosfos.
[1] Gemara 37a [line 7]:
The words "d'Mistabrei Lei v'Savar" דמסתברי ליה וסבר
should be "d'Masberei Lehu v'Savrei" דמסברי להו וסברי
as is found in the Rishonim (Mar'eh Kohen)
[2] Mishnah 37a [line 18]:
"Mah she'Achlu Achlu, u'Mah she'Lo Achlu" מה שאכלו אכלו ומה שלא אכלו
The Girsa of the Mishnayos and the ROSH and RAMBAN is
"Mah she'Achlu Achlu, v'Yachzir Lahem Es ha'Damim, u'Mah she'Lo Achlu," מה שאכלו אכלו ויחזיר להם את הדמים ומה שלא אכלו (the same words as the Reisha)
[3] Rashi 37a DH v'Yachzir:
Should be corrected as suggested by Shitah Mekubetzes #13
[4] Gemara 37b [line 29]:
Should be corrected as suggested by Shitah Mekubetzes #11
[5] Gemara 37b [line 35]:
Should be corrected as suggested by Shitah Mekubetzes #13
*******************************************************
1)[line 7][דמסברי] (דמסתברי) ליה וסבר[D'MASBEREI] (D'MISTABREI) LEI V'SAVAR- people who are able to understand the principles of vows once they are explained to them
2)[line 10]נמוקו עמוNIMUKO IMO- he always offers a clear reasoning for his rulings
3)[line 14]מה שאכלו אכלוMAH SHE'ACHLU ACHLU- what [the buyers] ate has already been eaten
4)[line 20]מכרוהוMACHRUHU- [the buyers] sold it
5)[line 23]יין נסךYAYIN NESECH
(a)Wine that was poured as an idolatrous libation is Asur b'Hana'ah. This is derived from the verse, "Asher Chelev Zevacheimo Yochelu, Yishtu Yein Nesicham" - "Those who ate the fat of their sacrifices, and drank the wine of their drink-offerings" (Devarim 32:38), which compares the wine of libations to an animal sacrificed for idolatrous purposes.
(b)The Chachamim prohibited the wine of a Nochri that was not poured as a libation ("Stam Yeinam") out of fear that drinking wine together would lead to intermarriage. In order to avoid confusion between Yayin Nesech and Stam Yeinam, the Chachamim instituted that Stam Yeinam is also Asur b'Hana'ah (one of the "Eighteen Decrees" — Shabbos 17b). Although this is only an Isur mid'Rabanan, it is a very severe prohibition (see Chochmas Adam 75:1).
6)[line 26]ינכה להם את הדמיםYENAKEH LAHEM ES HA'DAMIM- he must deduct from it value (and return some of the money)
PEREK #6 AL ELU MUMIN
7)[line 39]נפגמה אזנוNIFGEMAH OZNO- if a piece of its ear was missing
8a)[line 40]חסחוסCHASCHUS- the tragus (the piece of cartilage that projects into the middle of the ear)
b)[line 40]העורHA'OR- the skin [atop the cartilage]
9)[line 42]כרשינהKARSHINAH- a species of legume used as animal feed, probably the horse-bean (a species of vetch)
10)[line 44]נפרכתNIFRECHES- crumbles [when rubbed]
11a)[line 47]כלל ופרט אין בכלל אלא מה שבפרטKLAL U'FRAT EIN BI'CHLAL ELA MAH SHEB'FRAT
(a)In the Introduction to the Sifra (the Halachic Midrash to Vayikra), Rebbi Yishmael, who is Doresh Klalei and Peratei (see Background to Menachos 28:31), lists thirteen methods that Chazal use for extracting the Halachah from the verses of the Torah. One of them is Klal u'Ferat, Ein ba'Klal Ela Mah sheba'Perat.
(b)When a Klal (general term) is followed by a Perat (specification), without teaching any new Halachos that pertain to that Perat, then the Halachah of the verse is limited and applies only to the Perat.
b)[line 49]כלל ופרט וכלל אי אתה דן אלא כעין הפרטKLAL U'FRAT U'CHLAL IY ATAH DAN ELA K'EIN HA'FRAT
(a)In the Introduction to the Sifra (the Halachic Midrash to Vayikra), Rebbi Yishmael, who is Doresh Kelalei and Peratei (see Background to Shevuos 26:5), lists thirteen methods that Chazal use for extracting the Halachah from the verses of the Torah. One of them is Klal u'Frat u'Chlal Iy Atah Dan Ela k'Ein ha'Perat.
(b)When a Klal (general term) is followed by a Prat (specification), which is followed in turn by another Klal, then everything belonging to the general category that is similar to the Prat is included. Anything that is not in the general category of the limiting Prat is not included.
12)[line 54]בוטל ממלאכתוBUTAL MI'MELACHTO- that limb is no longer functional
13)[last line]חוטין החיצונותCHUTIN HA'CHITZONIYOS- (a) the gums of the incisors (RASHI); (b) the incisors (RABEINU GERSHOM, BARTENURA); (c) the two bulging veins that are seen when the animal opens its mouth (RAMBAM)
14)[last line]שנגממוSHE'NIGMEMU- they were leveled
15)[last line]הפנימיותHA'PENIMIYOS- (a) the gums of the molars (RASHI); (b) the molars (RABEINU GERSHOM, BARTENURA); (c) the protrusions of the windpipe (RAMBAM)
37b----------------------------------------37b
16)[line 23]כעדשהK'ADASHAH- the size of a lentil bean
17a)[line 31]סולHA'SOL- (O.F. broche) a piece of pointed wood
b)[line 31]סירהHA'SIRAH- a thorn
c)[line 31]המקדחHA'MAKDE'ACH- an auger, a tool for making holes in wood, consisting of a crosswise handle fitted to a straight metal rod having a screw point
d)[line 31]המכתבHA'MECHATEV- a metal stylus
18)[line 36]מילתMILAS- an ear lobe
19)[line 40]גובה של אוזןGOVAH SHEL OZEN- the upper part of the ear
20)[line 44]העומדתHA'OMEDES- which is a perfect fit
21)[line 45]הגולגולתHA'GULGOLES- the skull
22)[line 47]חוליותCHULIYOS- vertebrae
23)[line 53]שמעתתאSHEMAITSA- a statement of Amora'im
24)[line 55]מאור שלא נעשה בידי אדםMA'OR SHE'LO NA'ASAH BI'YEDEI ADAM- an opening for light (a window) that was formed by natural causes
25)[line 56]אגרוףEGROF- fist
26)[last line]פונדיון של האיטלקיPUNDYON SHEL HA'ITALKI- the Dupondium, a Roman coin
27)[last line]נירוניתNIRONIS- of the Roman emperor Nero