PEREK GADISH
1)

COVERED AND SCATTERED SHEAVES (Yerushalmi Peah Halachah 1 Daf 24b)

îùðä âãéù ùìà ìå÷è úçúéå ëì äðåâòåú áàøõ äøé äåà ùì òðééí

(a)

(Mishnah): If a heap of grain was made from which Leket had not yet been gathered (by the poor); whatever touches the ground belongs to the poor.

äøåç ùôæøä àú äòåîøéí àåîãéï àåúä ëîä ì÷è äéà øàåéä ìòùåú åðåúï ìòðééí

(b)

If the wind scattered the sheaves, they should evaluate the amount of Leket that the field would have produced and he should give it to the poor.

øùáâ"à ðåúï ìòðééí ëãé ðôéìä:

(c)

(R. Shimon ben Gamliel): He should give the poor the usual amount that falls.

âîøà äëà àú àîø àåîãé' àåúä ëîä ì÷è äéà øàåéä ìòùåú åðåúï ìòðééí åëà àú àîø ëì äðåâòú áàøõ äøé äéà ùì òðééí

(d)

(Gemara): Why in the first case, whatever touches the ground belongs to the poor, but in the latter case (of the wind), an evaluation is made?

øáé àáäå áùí ø' éåçðï ÷ðñ ÷ðñå áå ùâãù òì âáé ìé÷èï ùì òðééí

(e)

Answer (R. Abahu citing R. Yochanan): The Sages gave a penalty (in the first case) because he covered the Leket with his pile.

òã ëãåï îæéã àôé' ùåââ àôé' ëøéëåú àôé' çèéï ò"â ùòåøéï åàôé' âãùå àçøéí çåõ îãòúå åàôé' ÷øà ìòðééí åìà áàå

(f)

Question: This would apply if he intended to cover it up, but what if he did it inadvertently? What if they were in bundles? What if it was wheat on top of barley (where the wheat can still be given to the owner and the barley to the poor)? What if others piled it up without the owner's knowledge? What if he called the poor to come and they did not come?

[ãó ëä òîåã à] øáé àéîé áùí ø"ù áï ì÷éù ãá"ù äåà [ãó î òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] ãáù"à äô÷ø ìòðééí äô÷ø

(g)

(R. Imi citing R. Shimon ben Lakish): (When the Mishnah taught that whatever touches the ground belongs to the poor) it is according to Beis Shammai who say that it is exempt from Maaseros because it is Hefker just to the poor.

åëá"ä òðééí îòùøéí åàåëìéí

1.

But according to Beis Hillel that unless it is Hefker also to the rich, it is not Hefker, it is obligated in Maaseros before the poor can eat.

à"ì ø' éåñé ùîòðå ùäåà ôèåø îï äîòùøåú ã"ä îùåí ÷ðñ ùäô÷ø á"ã äô÷ø ãëúé' (òæøà é) åëì àùø ìà éáåà ìùìùú äéîéí áòöú äùøéí åäæ÷ðéí éçøí ëì øëåùå

(h)

(R. Yosi): I've heard that all agree that it is exempt from Maaseros because as a penalty, Beis Din render it Hefker just for the poor, as the pasuk states (Ezra 10:8), "Whoever does not come within three days, according to the counsel of the officers and elders, all of his property will be destroyed."

åîðééï ùäåà ôèåø îï äîòùøåú

(i)

Question: What is the source that it is exempt from Maaseros?

ø' éåðúï áøé' ãø' éöç÷ áø àçà ùîò ìäï îï äãà àéï îòáøéï àú äùðä ìà áùáéòéú åìà áîåöàé ùáéòéú åàí òáøåä äø"æ îòåáøú

(j)

Answer (R. Yonasan son of R. Yitzchak bar Acha): Answer from this - They may not extend the year (to be a leap year) in the Seventh year or in the year that follows it and if they did, it is valid.

åçåãù à' ùäåà îåñéó ìà ôèåø îîòùøåú äéà

1.

Conclusion of answer: Doesn't that extra month (that they wrongly added to the Seventh year) become exempt from Maaseros? (This shows that when necessary, Beis Din have the power to render something Hefker and exempt it from Maaseros.)

òã ëãåï ùáéòéú îåöàé ùáéòéú îðééï

(k)

Question: It is understandable that they may not extend the Seventh year (in order not to extend the prohibition to work the land); but why not in the year that follows it?

à"ø àáåï ùìà ìøáåú áàéñåø çãù

(l)

Answer (R. Avun): In order not to extend for them the prohibition of Chadash (that applies to the new crops of any year before the Omer offering is brought on 16th Nisan.)

ø' æòéøà áùí ø' àáäå äãà ãúéîø òã ùìà äúéø øáé ìäáéà éø÷ îçåöä ìàøõ [ãó îá òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] àáì îùäúéø øáé ìäáéà éø÷ îç"ì äéà ùáéòéú äéà ùàø ùðé ùáåò

(m)

(R. Zeira citing R. Abahu): This applied before Rebbi permitted the bringing of vegetables from Chutz Ha'Aretz, but after that, even the Seventh year could be extended.