PEREK KOL HA'ZEVACHIM
1)

ZEVACHIM THAT BECAME MIXED UP WITH OTHERS

מסכת זבחים פרק ח (דף ע,ב משנה) כל הזבחים שנתערבו בחטאות המתות או בשור הנסקל אפילו אחת בריבוא ימותו כולן
(a)

(Mishnah): If any Zevach became mixed with Chata'os ha'Mesos (Chata'os that cannot be offered; they must be left to die) or with Shor ha'Niskal (it was sentenced to be stoned), and we do not know which is which), even if one was mixed with 10,000, all must die;

(b)

If it became mixed with any of the following, all the animals are Ro'im (left to graze until they become blemished). They are sold, and a new Korban is brought with the highest amount of money received for any of them. The following animals forbid a mixture in this way.

נתערבו בשור שנעבדה בו עבירה
1.

An Aveirah was done with the animal;

או (דף עא,א משנה) שהמית את האדם ע"פ עד א' או ע"פ הבעלי' ברובע ונרבע
2.

The owner or one witness testified that it killed a person, or it was Nirva or Rove'a (played the female or male part in bestiality);

i.

(Had there been two witnesses, it would be sentenced to die, and the law of Shor ha'Niskal (the first clause) would apply.)

במוקצה ונעבד
3.

It was Muktzeh (designated for idolatry) or Ne'evad (served like idolatry);

באתנן ומחיר (דף עא,ב) בכלאים ובטריפה ביוצא דופן ירעו עד שיסתאבו וימכרו ויביא בדמי היפה שבהן מאותו המין
4.

It was an Esnan (wages of a harlot), it was traded for a dog, it was Kilayim (a crossbreed), a Treifah or a Yotzei Dofen (an animal born through Caesarian section);

71b----------------------------------------71b
נתערבו בחולין תמימים ימכרו החולין לצורכי אותו המין
(c)

If it became mixed with Tamim Chulin animals, we sell the Chulin (without knowing which they are) to people who need to buy the same kind of Zevach (e.g. Olah. Now all the mixed animals are Olos. The law is like in the coming clause.)

קדשים בקדשים
(d)

If Kodshim became mixed with Kodshim, the following applies.

מין במינו [זה יקרב לשם מי שהוא וזה] יקרב לשם מי שהוא
1.

If all are the same Zevach, each is offered l'Shem its owner (Tosfos - Stam is l'Shem Ba'alim);

קדשים בקדשים מין בשאינו מינו ירעו עד שיסתאבו <וימכרו>
2.

If they are different Zevachim, they are Ro'im, and (after they become blemished) we redeem them onto money;

ויביא בדמי יפה שבהן ממין זה ובדמי היפה שבהן ממין זה ויפסיד המותר מביתו
i.

New Korbanos are bought. For each we spend the highest value of an animal of the mixture. The owner suffers the loss.

נתערבו בבכור ובמעשר ירעו עד שיסתאבו ויאכלו כבכור וכמעשר
3.

If they became mixed with Bechor or Ma'aser (which are not redeemed), they are Ro'im. All are eaten like Bechor or Ma'aser (i.e. they may not be sold in the market or by weight).

הכל יכולין להתערב חוץ מן החטאת והאשם:
(e)

It is possible for any two kinds of Zevachim to become mixed together, except for Chatas and Asham. (Asham is always a male sheep. This cannot be a Chatas.)

2)

WHY TWO MISHNAYOS OF MIXTURES ARE NEEDED

מאי אפי'
(a)

(Gemara) Question: Why does it say 'Even if one (Korban) was mixed with 10,000 (animals that must die)'? This is a smaller Chidush. We merely follow the majority!

ה"ק כל הזבחים שנתערבו בהן חטאות המתות או שור הנסקל אפילו אחד בריבוא ימותו כולן
(b)

Answer: It means, even if one animal that must die was mixed with 10,000 Korbanos (all must die. Tosfos - similarly, the next clauses also discuss one Pasul animal mixed with a majority of Korbanos)

תנינא חדא זימנא
(c)

Question: Another Mishnah teaches this!

כל האסורין לגבי מזבח אוסרין בכל שהן הרובע והנרבע
1.

(Mishnah #1): If an animal was Pasul for a Korban, e.g. a Nirva or Rove'a, and it became mixed with any number of animals, all are Pesulim for Korbanos.

אמר רב אשי אמריתה לשמעתיה קמיה דרב שימי ואצריכן
(d)

Answer (Rav Sima): We need both Mishnayos;

דאי מהתם הוה אמינא הני מילי לגבוה אבל להדיוט אימא לא
1.

If we had only Mishnah #1, one might have thought that the mixture is Pasul for Korbanos, but one may benefit from it (even when one may not benefit from some of the animals);

ואי מהכא ה"א הני הוא דאיסורי הנאה נינהו אבל הני אימא לא צריכי
2.

If we had only our Mishnah, one might have thought that only Isurei ha'Na'ah (animals forbidden to benefit from them) forbid a mixture, but not other Pesulim.

דלאו איסורי הנאה נינהו הא תנא ליה
(e)

Question: Also our Mishnah teaches cases that are not Isurei ha'Na'ah!

מי קתני <בכמה כל שהן התם קתני>
(f)

Answer: It does not teach that one of them forbids a mixture of any size.

וניתני הא ולא בעי הא
(g)

Question: It would have sufficed to teach (Isurei ha'Na'ah in) Mishnah #1! (Why were they repeated in our Mishnah?)

תקנתא איצטריכא ליה
(h)

Answer: Our Mishnah teaches what can be done with the mixture.