[39a - 30 lines; 39b - 13 lines]
1)[line 3]åãîéí äðùôëéï ìàîäV'DAMIM HA'NISHPACHIN LA'AMAH- and blood that is poured into the Amah, the channel of water that is an Amah wide and an Amah high, which passes through the Azarah of the Beis ha'Mikdash and emptied into Nachal Kidron
2)[line 8]àéîåøéïEIMURIN- the fats and other parts of the Korban that are burned on the Mizbe'ach (see Background to Zevachim 4:31)
3)[line 26]"åòùä ìôø ëàùø òùä ìôø äçèàú ëï éòùä ìå; åëéôø òìéäí äëäï åðñìç ìäí""V'ASAH LA'PAR KA'ASHER ASAH L'FAR HA'CHATAS, KEN YA'ASEH LO; V'CHIPER ALEIHEM HA'KOHEN V'NISLACH LAHEM"- "And he shall do with the bull as he did with the bull of the sin offering of the Kohen Gadol, so shall he do with this; and the Kohen shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them" (Vayikra 4:20) - See Background to Horayos 2:1 and 11:25
4)[line 29]îúï ùáòMATAN SHEVA- placing of seven [Haza'os, sprinklings, on the Paroches)
5)[line 29]îúï àøáòMATAN ARBA (ZERIKAS HA'DAM)
See Background to Zevachim 37:1.
6)[line 30]ôø éåí äëôåøéíPAR YOM HA'KIPURIM
(a)In Parshas Acharei Mos (Vayikra 16:3-6), Aharon is commanded to offer on Yom ha'Kipurim a bull as a Chatas and a ram as an Olah from his own money. From the money of the Tzibur, he is commanded to offer two goats as Korbenos Chatas (one goat was sacrificed and one was sent to Azazel) and one ram as an Olah. The offering of these Korbanos form the major part of the Yom ha'Kipurim service that the Kohen Gadol must perform every year.
(b)The Kohen Gadol sprinkles the blood of the bull in the Kodesh ha'Kodashim (Vayikra 16:14), on the Paroches (ibid. 16:16) and on the Mizbe'ach ha'Ketores (ibid. 16:18). Its flesh is entirely burned in the place outside of Yerushalayim where the ashes from the Mizbe'ach are deposited. The remainder of its blood is poured on the western Yesod of the Mizbe'ach ha'Chitzon, but omitting this last procedure does not prevent atonement, because during the rest of the year pouring the blood on the Yesod is not a requirement for atonement.
39b----------------------------------------39b
7)[line 2]ùòéøé òáåãú ëåëáéíSE'IREI AVODAS KOCHAVIM
(a)If the Sanhedrin (Supreme Court) issues a ruling in error, permitting Avodah Zarah (idol worship) punishable by Sekilah (stoning) had it been transgressed intentionally, and those in Eretz Yisrael - either the majority of Klal Yisrael or most of the Shevatim - act upon their ruling, then the Sanhedrin must offer Se'irei Avodas Kochavim to atone for the nation. This Korban consists of a bull offered as a Korban Olah, and a goat offered as a Korban Chatas. Rebbi Meir rules that the Sanhedrin must offer a single bull as a Korban Olah, and a single goat as a Korban Chatas. Rebbi Yehudah maintains that each Shevet (tribe) offers a bull and a goat, for a total of twelve bulls and twelve goats. Rebbi Shimon is of the opinion that both are true, and a total of thirteen bulls and thirteen goats are offered (Mishnah, Horayos 4b).
(b)After their slaughter, the blood of the goats is sprinkled seven times in the Heichal in the direction of the Paroches. It is then applied to the Keranos (cubic Tefach posts placed upon the corners) of the Mizbe'ach ha'Ketores (the smaller altar located in the Heichal upon which incense is burned daily). The Sheyarei ha'Dam (remainder of the blood) is poured on the western Yesod (base) of the Mizbe'ach, whereas the Eimurim (innards and certain fats) are burned on the Mizbe'ach ha'Chitzon (outer Mizbe'ach).
(c)The flesh and remaining parts of the goats are burned outside of Yerushalayim (Bamidbar 15:22-26). The clothing of those who carry their carcasses out of the Azarah become Tamei. (According to Rebbi Shimon (Yoma 67b), those involved with burning the goats are also Metamei Begadim.)
8)[line 3]ùòéøé äøâìéíSE'IREI HA'REGALIM
(a)A Sa'ir (male goat) is offered as a Korban Chatas on the festivals among the Korbenos Musaf that the Torah requires (Bamidbar 28:16-29:38). As with all Korbenos Chatas, it is Kodshei Kodashim, and is eaten by male Kohanim on the day that it is slaughtered and the following night. This Korban is brought even on Shabbos.
(b)When offered on Shabbos, the Sa'ir may not be cooked until nightfall. Kohanim that choose to eat it raw before that time may do so (as in the Mishnah Menachos 99b).
(c)The Mishnah (Shevuos 2b) states that there is an argument among the Tana'im with regard to the atonement that these Korbanos provide:
1.According to Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Shimon, they provide atonement for a person who sinned with Tum'as Mikdash v'Kodashav (see Background to Shevuos 2:2), when he did not know initially about his Tum'ah (or the Kodshim or Mikdash) when he sinned, nor did he find out about it afterwards.
2.According to Rebbi Meir, they provide atonement for a person who sinned with Tum'as Mikdash v'Kodashav, when he did not know initially about his Tum'ah (or the Kodshim or Mikdash) when he sinned. Only after he ate the Kodshim or entered the Mikdash while he was Tamei did he find out about his status of Tum'ah. In addition, they provide atonement for a person who sinned with Tum'as Mikdash v'Kodashav, when he did not know initially about his Tum'ah (or the Kodshim or Mikdash) when he sinned, nor did he find out about it afterwards. Furthermore, they provide atonement for a person who was Tahor who ate Kodshim that were Teme'im (see Background to Shevuos 2:14).
3.According to Rebbi Shimon ben Yehudah in the name of Rebbi Shimon, they provide atonement for a person who sinned with Tum'as Mikdash v'Kodashav, when he did not know initially about his Tum'ah (or the Kodshim or Mikdash) when he sinned, nor did he find out about it afterwards. Furthermore, they provide atonement for a person who was Tahor who ate Kodshim that were Teme'im.
9)[line 3]åùòéøé øàùé çãùéíSE'IREI ROSHEI CHODASHIM
(a)Among the additional Korbenos offered on Rosh Chodesh is a Sa'ir (male goat) offered as a Korban Chatas (Bamidbar 28:15). As with all Korbenos Chatas, it has the status of Kodshei Kodashim, and is eaten by male Kohanim on the day it is slaughtered as well as the following night.
(b)This Korban is offered even on Shabbos. When offered on Shabbos, however, the Sa'ir may not be cooked until nightfall. Kohanim who wish to eat it raw before that time may do so.
(c)The Mishnah (Shevuos 2a) states that there is an argument among the Tana'im with regard to the atonement that this Korban provides:
1.According to Rebbi Yehudah, it atones for one who unknowingly entered the Mikdash while in a state of Tum'ah ("Tum'as Mikdash v'Kodashav;" see Background to Shevuos 2:2) who never discovered that he had sinned in such a manner.
2.According to Rebbi Shimon, it atones for a Tahor who consumed Kodshim Teme'im (see Background to Shevuos 2:14).
3.According to Rebbi Meir, it atones for three sins: one who unknowingly entered the Mikdash while in a state of Tum'ah who never discovered that he had sinned in such a manner, one who unknowingly entered the Mikdash while in a state of Tum'ah who subsequently discovered that he had done so, and a Tahor who consumed Kodshim Teme'im.
10)[line 6]îëôøéï òì òáéøú îöåä éãåòäMECHAPRIN AL AVEIRAS MITZVAH YEDU'AH- they atone for the known transgression of a commandment
11)[line 9]ñîêSAMACH (SEMICHAH)
Semichah refers to the Mitzvah for a person to press his hands with all his might on the head of his animal sacrifice (and not a bird sacrifice) before it is slaughtered (Vayikra 1:4).