1)

(a)The Mishnah permits hot cooked lentils of Chulin into which a whole onion of Terumah has been placed (or vice-versa) - because under these circumstances, cooked lentils cause the onion to constrict, but not to add taste to it or to absorb from it.

(b)The Tana ...

1. ... forbids the lentils to a Zar as long as the onion gives taste (see Tiferes Yisrael 5) - if the onion is cut before being placed into them.

2. ... will forbid them outright, even if the onion is still whole - if they have been cooked together.

(c)In the case of any cooked dish other than lentils (... garlic or leek) - whichever is Chulin will be forbidden to a Zar.

(d)According to Rebbi Yehudah, if a whole onion of Terumah is placed in small fish that have been pickled in brine - the fish are permitted to a Zar, because the onion merely draws the scum from the fish, without adding taste to it.

(e)The Halachah is like the Tana Kama.

2)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if a grated apple of Terumah that is placed in a dough, causing it to rise - the dough is forbidden to a Zar.

(b)The Tana permits water into which barley of Terumah falls, causing it to smell - due to the principle 'Nosen Ta'am li'Fegam, Mutar' (an Isur that adds a detrimental taste to Heter does not render it Asur [see Tiferes Yisrael]).

3)

(a)Rebbi Meir forbids a barrel of Terumah wine on top of which one placed a hot loaf straight from the oven. Rebbi Yehudah permits it ...

(b)... because he holds 'Reicha La'av Milsa Hi' (smell, which is not tangible, does not render Asur - Bedi'eved); whereas Rebbi Meir holds 'Reicha Milsa Hi'.

(c)Rebbi Yossi - permits it in the case of a wheat loaf, but forbids it in the case one of barley ...

(d)... because he holds that although 'Reicha La'av Milsa Hi', barley bread tends to draw particles of wine and absorb them.

(e)The Halachah is like Rebbi Yossi (see Tiferes Yisrael).

4)

(a)The Mishnah permits a Zar to eat bread baked in an oven that has been heated with cumin (a spice) of Terumah - because it is not the taste of the cumin that the bread absorbs but the smell ...

(b)... and we just ruled that 'Reicha La'av Milsa Hi' (see Tiferes Yisrael).

5)

(a)The Mishnah rules that Tilsan (fenugreek) of Terumah or of Ma'aser Sheini that fell into a pit of Terumah wine - is forbidden only if there is less than a hundred times that amount of seeds (not counting the wood).

(b)Whereas if the Tilsan is Shevi'is, K'lai ha'Kerem or Hekdesh, we reckon the wood as well ...

(c)... because, unlike other trees, the wood of a fenugreek tree has the same taste as the fruit (see Tosfos Anshei Shem), though we do not apply this S'vara with regard to Terumah (see Tiferes Yisrael), as we will see in the next Mishnah.

(d)Neither is it permitted due to 'Nosen Ta'am li'Fegam' - since if anything, it enhances the taste of the wine.

6)

(a)Bundles of fenugreek of ...

1. ... K'lai ha'Kerem must be burned - because the Torah writes "Pen Tikdash ha'Melei'ah", which we interpret as 'Pen Tukad Eish' (which means that K'lai ha'Kerem must be burned).

2. ... Tevel - may be beaten, and Terumah separated from the amount of seeds alone (but ignoring the wood, as we learned in the previous Mishnah).

(b)The owner does not need to say that he is doing so - because Terumah may be taken by thinking alone.

(c)In the event that he separated from the wood as well however - he is obligated to give it to the Kohen (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

7)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses Chulin olives that have been pickled together with Terumah ones. The Tana rules in a case where ...

1. ... they are both crushed - that the Chulin olives are forbidden to a Zar, and the same applies to where ...

2. ... the Chulin olives are crushed and the Terumah ones are either whole or in the form of juice.

3. ... the Chulin olives are whole and the Terumah ones, crushed - that the Chulin olives are permitted to a Zar ...

(b)... because the crushed olives absorb the Terumah, whereas the whole ones do not (because they exude [Tiferes Yisrael]).

8)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses non-Kasher fish that has been pickled together with Kasher fish, forbidding a Garav of two Sa'ah that contains ten Zuz (weight) of non-Kasher fish-juice in Yehudah. A Garav is - a barrel.

(b)Ten Zuz is a nine hundred and sixtieth of two Sa'ah (see Tos-Yom-Tov) ...

(c)... and the equivalent of five Sela (i.e. twenty Zuz) in Galil (see Tos-Yom-Tov).

9)

(a)According to Rebbi Yehudah, the Shi'ur is a Revi'is (ha'Log) in a barrel of two Sa'ah - which is equivalent to close to one in two hundred ( 1 in 192 to be precise [Tiferes Yisrael]).

(b)Even though Rebbi Yehudah generally holds 'Miyn y Eino Bateil' - he is lenient here, because fish-juice is only Asur mi'de'Rabbanan.

(c)Rebbi Yossi, who is far more lenient than both the Tana Kama and Rebbi Yehudah holds - that it is Bateil one in sixteen (see Tos Yom-Tov.

(d)In fact, we rule more stringently than any of the above opinions - and require at least a thousand of the Heter in order to become Bateil (see also Tiferes Yisrael).

10)

(a)The Mishnah permits Kasher locusts that have been pickled together with non-Kasher ones - because they have no blood and the juice is therefore even less potent than that of non-Kasher fish.

(b)Rebbi Tzadok - permits even the juice of the non-Kasher locusts.

(c)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Tzadok.

11)

(a)The Mishnah - permits Chulin vegetables that have been pickled together with vegetables of Terumah.

(b)Despite the fact that pickled is considered cooked ('Kavush li'Mevushal'), the Mishnah is lenient here - because it is a case of two de'Rabbanans 1. T'rumas Yerek, 2. the Dimu'a itself, seeing as min ha'Torah we would go after the majority (assuming that the majority of the mixture is Chulin [see Tiferes Yisrael and Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(c)The Mishnah is strict however, in the case of Chasis - (garlic, Lof and onions), because of their sharp taste.

(d)The Tana is nevertheless lenient - if it is only the Chulin that is Chasis, but not the Terumah.

12)

(a)According to Rebbi Yossi, vegetables that were 'Nishlakin' (well-cooked) together with beets of Terumah or of K'lai ha'Kerem - are forbidden (because beets, more than other vegetables) give taste.

(b)He argues with the Tana of the previous Mishnah - inasmuch as the latter forbids all vegetables(not just beets) that have been well-cooked together with any Terumah vegetable.

13)

(a)Rebbi Shimon discussing a Chulin cabbage that grew in a field of 'Shakya' - (a field that needs to be watered manually) that is cooked together with a cabbage that grew in a field of 'Ba'al' - (that receives sufficient rain-water for its needs).

(b)Rebbi ...

1. ... Shimon rules - that the Chulin cabbage is forbidden (because the former, due to its dryness, absorbs from the latter).

2. ... Yehudah (or Rebbi Akiva) rules that when Isur and Heter are cooked together - they are permitted, with the sole exception of meat (which exudes and absorbs more freely than other species -Tiferes Yisrael]).

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama, who permits vegetables that have been pickled with Isur (except for Chasis), but not when they have been cooked together.

14)

(a)Rebbi Yochanan ben Nuri rules that when a piece of liver has been cooked together with a piece of ...

1. ... Kasher meat - the latter is Asur (because liver constitutes a hundred per cent blood).

2. ... non-Kasher meat - it does not become forbidden ...

(b)... because it is busy exuding and does not have time to absorb.

(c)We follow the ruling of Rebbi Yochanan ben Nuri (see Tiferes Yisrael).

15)

(a)The Mishnah rules that ...

1. ... an egg that has been cooked with spices of Isur - is Asur, not only the white, but the yellow, too.

2. ... the water in which Terumah vegetables have been pickled - is forbidden to a Zar.