1)

(a)The Mishnah lists Parshas Sotah, Viduy Ma'aser, K'ri'as Sh'ma, Tefilah and Birchas ha'Mazon - which can all be said in any language.

(b)We learn Parshas Sotah from the Pasuk "ve'Amar el ha'Ishah" - that the Kohen can read Parshas Sotah in whichever language he chooses (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)Viduy Ma'aser is - the Parshah in Ki Savo "Bi'arti ha'Kodesh min ha'Bayis ... " which is said on Erev Pesach of every fourth year after having fulfilled all one's obligations of Matnos Kehunah, Levi'ah and Aniyim).

(d)We learn from the Pasuk there "Ve'amarta lifnei Hash-m Elokecha ... " - tyhat one can say it in any language that one chooses (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

2)

(a)The source for reciting the Sh'ma in any language is - the word"Sh'ma", which implies in any language that one understands (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)We qualify the ruling that permits even the Amidah to be recited in any language - by restricting it to Tefilah be'Tzibur; but an individual is obligated to recite it in Lashon ha'Kodesh (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)And from the Pasuk in Eikev "Ve'achlta Ve'sava'ta u'Verachta ... " we learn that - Birchas ha'Mazon too, may be said in any language that one understands (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

3)

(a)The two remaining items on the list are ...

1. ... Shevu'as ha'Eidus - where the defendant or one of the litigants makes the denying witness swear that he did not witness the incident.

2. ... Shevu'as ha'Pikadon - where Reuven makes Shimon swear that he does not have his object in his possession, and after having sworn, witnesses testify that he does.

(b)We learn Shevu'as ha'Eidus from the Pasuk in Vayikra "Vesham'ah Kol Alah" (in whatever language it may be [See Tos. Yom-Tov]), and Shevu'as ha'Pikadon - from the Gezeirah-Shavah "Secheta" "Secheta".

4)

(a)In the second list drawn up by the Mishnah, Mikra Bikurim, Chalitzah and the B'rachos and K'lalos - must all be said in Lashon ha'Kodesh.

(b)'Chalitzah' refers to - the dialogue between the Yevamah ('Me'ein Yevami Lehakim le'Achiv Shem' and 'Kachah Ye'sasah la'Ish ... ') and the Yavam ('Lo Chafatzti Lekachtah').

(c)The Tana is referring - to the B'rachos and K'lalos that were said on Har Gerizim and Har Eival.

5)

(a)The Tana continues his list with Birchas Kohanim and Birchas Kohen Gadol - the B'rachah said by the Kohen Gadol following the Avodah in the Kodesh Kodshim on Yom Kipur.

(b)And the last three items are Parshas ha'Melech - better-known as 'Hakheil', Eglah Arufah and Mashu'ach Milchamah.

(c)Parshas Eglah Arufah refers to "Yadeinu Lo Shafchu es ha'Dam ha'Zeh" (Ibid. said by the elders of the nearest town) and to "Kaper le'Amchah Yisrael ... " (Ibid.) - said by the Kohanim.

(d)Parshas Mashu'ach Milchamah comprises - the Pasuk "Atem K'reivim ha'Yom ... " (Ibid.).

6)

(a)The Mishnah learns from the Gezeirah-Shavah ...

1. ... "Ve'anisa Ve'amarta ... " (Ki Savo in connection with Bikurim) and "Ve'anu ha'Levi'im Ve'amru" (Ibid. in connection with the B'rachos and the K'lalos on Har Gerizim and Har Eival) that - just as the latter had to be said in Lashon ha'Kodesh, so too, does the former (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... "ve'ha'Elokim Ya'anenu be'Kol" (Parshas Yisro, in connection with the Aseres ha'Dibros), and "ve'Amru el Kol Ish Yisrael Kol Gadol" (Ki Savo, in connection with the B'rachos and the K'lalos) that - just as the latter was said in Lashon ha'Kodesh, so too, must the former be said in Lashon ha'Kodesh ...

7)

(a)The Tana learns from the Gezeirah Shavah "ve'Ansah ve'Amrah" (Ki Seitzei, in connection with Chalitzah) "ve'Anu ha'Levi'im ve'Amru" (Ki Savo, in connection with the B'rachos and K'lalos on Har Gerizim and Har Eival) that - just as the latter was said in Lashon ha'Kodesh, so must the former be said in Lashon ha'Kodesh.

(b)Rebbi Yehudah learns it - from the word "Kachah" (that precedes "ve'Ansah ve'Amrah"), implying in as it is written (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

8)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the B'rachos and the K'lalos. Har Gerizim and Har Eival are situated ...

1. ... next to Shomron ...

2. ... close to Sh'chem.

(b)The Tana learns from the Gezeirah Shavah "Vaya'avor Avram ba'Aretz ... ad M'kom Sh'chem ad Eilon Moreh" (Lech-L'cha), "ha'Lo Heimah be'Eiver ha'Yarden ... Eitzel Elonei Moreh" (Eikev, in connection with the Har Gerizim and Har Eival) that - Eilonei Moreh refers to Sh'chem.

9)

(a)Six tribes - climbed each of the two mountains.

(b)The Levi'im (See Tos. Yom-Tov) and the Kohanim remained in the valley between the mountains ...

(c)... together with the Aron ha'Kodesh.

(d)The Kohanim surrounded the Aron, and the Levi'im, the Kohanim.

10)

(a)We know that the twelve tribes stood on both sides of the Aron - from the Pasuk in Yehoshua which specifically states that "all of Yisrael, its elders and its judges flanked the Aron".

(b)The Levi'im turned first - towards Har Gerizim (to read out the B'rachos [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(c)They then proceeded to read the curses (as written in the Ki Savo) one by one (Arur ha'Ish asher Ya'aseh Pesel ... "). When they faced Har Gerizim, they actually said - 'Baruch ha'Ish asher Lo Ya'aseh Pesel ... !"

(d)Following this, they turned their faces towards Har Eival and proclaimed - "Arur ha'Ish asher Ya'aseh Pesel ... !" (See also Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Hafchu Peneihem').

(e)All the people answered 'Amen!' both when they read out ...

1. ... the B'rachos facing Har Gerizim, and when they read ...

2. ... the K'lalos facing Har Eival (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

11)

(a)After ...

1. ... they had read out all the eleven sets of B'rachos and K'lalos - they brought the huge stones (that they had collected from the Jordan Rive) and built a Mizbe'ach. Then ...

2. ... before writing the entire Torah on the twelve stones - they covered them with lime.

(b)The Tana learns that they wrote it in seventy languages - from the words "Ba'er Heitev" (See Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'she'Ne'emar' ... and 'be'Shiv'im Lashon]).

(c)After bringing Korbanos on the Mizbe'ach - they dismantled it (See Tos. Yom-Tov), and carried the stones to their first place of lodging in Gilgal.

(d)Finally - they built them once again into a Mizbe'ach, which they left standing ...

(e)... for the nations of the world to come and copy the Torah in their respective languages [See Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'u'Banu es ha'Mizbe'ach']).

12)

(a)Defining Birchas Kohanim, the Tana says that in the Medinah - outside the Beis-ha'Mikdash, the Kohanim recite three B'rachos, whereas in the Beis-ha'Mikdash, they recite only one.

(b)By 'three B'rachos' he means - that the Kohanim recited each of the three Pesukim of Birchas Kohanim individually, and the people answered 'Amen' after each Pasuk.

(c)They recite only one B'rachah in the Beis-ha'Mikdash, based on the principle - - that one never answers 'Amen' in the Beis-ha'Mikdash (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

13)

(a)The second distinction between the Medinah and the Beis-ha'Mikdash the Mishnah draws is that - whereas in the Beis-ha'Mikdash the Name of Hash-m is pronounced the way it is written, in the Medinah it is pronounced via its 'Kinuy' ('Alef' Daled' ... .

(b)We learn this from the Pasuk in Yisro "be'Chol Makom asher Azkir es Sh'mi Avo eilecha u'Veirachticha" - which implies that it is where Hash-m blesses us that His Holy Name may be pronounced, but not anywhere else.

14)

(a)We learn from the Pasuk ...

1. ... in Shemini "Vayisa Aharon es Yadav el ha'Am Vayevorchem" that - Aharon ha'Kohen raised his hands when blessing Yisrael (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... in Parshas Shoftim "Hu u'Vanav Kol ha'Yamim" that - all subsequent Kohanim must do likewise (See also Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)Consequently, in the Medinah - the Kohanim stretch out their arms at shoulder level when Duchening.

(c)The third distinction that the Tana draws between the Kohen Gadol and the other Kohanim in the Beis ha'Mikdash is that - whereas the other Kohanim stretch out their arms above shoulder-height, the Kohen Gadol does not.

(d)The reason for ...

1. ... the former ruling is - because the Shechinah rests above the joints of their hands (which therefore need to be raised).

2. ... the latter ruling is - because the Kohen Gadol is forbidden to raise his hands above the level of the Tzitz (on which the Name of Hash-m is engraved).

(e)The Shechinah rests on the hands of the Kohanim when they Duchen in the Beis-ha'Mikdash - because they mention the Holy Name of Hash-m when they Duchen.

15)

(a)In defining the B'rachah of the Kohen Gadol (See Tos. Yom-Tov), the Mishnah describes how the Chazan ha'Keneses - the Shamash in charge of arranging all issues connected with the Shul on the Har ha'Bayis (Tiferes Yisrael) takes the Seifer-Torah and hands it to the Rosh ha'Keneses - the Gabai who who distributes all the honors.

(b)The Rosh ha'Keneses hands it to - the S'gan (the deputy Kohen Gadol) ...

(c)... who finally hands it to - the Kohen Gadol.

(d)The point of all this fuss is - to honor the Kohen Gadol ...

(e)... based on the Pasuk in Mishlei - "be'Rov Am Hadras Melech" (the more people involved, the more Kavod the king receives).

16)

(a)We can extrapolate from the fact that the Kohen Gadol receives the Seifer-Torah standing - that prior to that, he was sitting.

(b)The current ceremony must therefore have taken place in the Ezras Nashim - since anyone other than the King of Yehudah is forbidden to sit in the Ezras Yisrael.

(c)The Kohen Gadol Leins - standing.

(d)Besides the Parshah of Yom Kipur in Acharei-Mos, he also Leins - the Parshah of "Ach be'Asor ... " in Emor.

(e)He is allowed to scroll the Seifer (as opposed to the following case) - because it is close by, and he can finish scrolling before the translator finishes translating the previous Pasuk.

17)

(a)He then places the Seifer-Torah - in his bosom.

(b)What still remains to be Leined is - Maftir [the Parshah of "Ach be'Asor" (in Pinchas]) ...

(c)... which he Leins by heart.

(d)Before proceeding to do so he announce that - more than what he Leined is written in the Seifer Torah.

(e)This is necessary - because people might otherwise think that, since he is Leining the final Parshah by heart, it must be because he discovered the Seifer-Torah from which he Leined to be Pasul.

18)

(a)The Kohen Gadol then proceeds to recite - eight B'rachos.

(b)The first of these is Birchas ha'Torah - the B'rachah that one recites after Leining ['asher Nasan lanu Toras Emes']).

(c)The next two are 'al ha'Avodah' and 'al ha'Hodayah', which begin - 'Retzei' and 'Modim', respectively.

(d)The fourth B'rachah is 'al Mechilas ha'Avon - which is synonymous with 'Atah Bechartanu', and which ...

(e)... the Mishnah calls 'Mechilas ha'Avon' - because it concludes 'Melech Mochel ve'Sole'ach ... '.

19)

(a)The fifth B'rachah, 'al ha'Mikdash' is a prayer that Hash-m should rest His Shechinah in the Beis-ha'Mikdash. The prayer ends 'Baruch ... Shochein be'Tzi'on'.

(b)And the sixth B'rachah 'al Yisrael' is a prayer that the kingdom of Yisrael should be uplifted, which ends - 'ha'Bocher be'Yisrael' (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(c)The seventh B'rachah 'al ha'Kohanim' concludes 'Baruch ... Mekadesh ha'Kohanim'. The gist of ...

1. ... this B'rachah is that - Hash-m should accept the Avodah of the Kohanim, and it ends 'Mekadesh ha'Kohanim'.

2. ... the final B'rachah, which the Tana describes as 'Sha'ar ha'Tefilah' is - that Yisrael should be saved from their enemies ...

(d)... and it ends 'Shome'a Tefilah'.

20)

(a)In defining 'Parshas ha'Melech', the Mishnah describes how they would construct a Bimah (a wooden platform [See Tos. Yom-Tov]) - in the Ezras Nashim (See Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael) ...

(b)... on the night after the first day of Succos on the year following the Sh'mitah year.

(c)We learn from the Pasuk in Vayeilech ...

1. ... "be'Vo Kol Yisrael Lera'os" - that it takes place on Motza'ei Yom-Tov, and from ...

2. ... "be'Vo Kol Yisrael Lera'os" that - it is speaking about the night after the first day of Succos and not the last night of Yom-Tov (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)Upon ascending the platform - the king sits down.

(e)Before he begins Leining the relevant Parshiyos - the Chazan ha'Keneses tskes out the Seifer-Torah and hands it to the Rosh ha'Keneses ... , as we learned in the case of the Kohen Gadol.

21)

(a)The king ...

1. ... receives the Seifer-Torah from the S'gan - standing.

2. ... Leins from the Seifer-Torah - sitting.

(b)Agripas - who reigned at the time of the second Churban, was a descendent of Herod.

(c)He read at Hakhel standing, thereby eliciting the Chachamim's praise.

(d)He did so - in deference to the Torah ... (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(e)The prohibition on a king to forego his honor does not apply here - since he acted, not for his own honor, but for the honor of the Torah (See also Tiferes Yisrael).

22)

(a)When King Agripas arrived at the words (in Parshas Shoftim) "Lo Suchal Laseis alecha Ish Nochri" - he burst into tears.

(b)The people responded with the words 'Don't be afraid! - You are out brother (which they repeated three times [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(c)They referred to him as 'Achinu' - because his mother was a bas Yisrael (See Tiferes Yisrael).

23)

(a)The king begins Leining from the beginning of Seifer Devarim, and he Leins - up to (and including) the Parshah of "Sh'ma" (in Va'eschanan).

(b)He then Leins "Vehayah im Shamo'a" (in Eikev) - because these two Parshiyos contain Kabalas Malchus Shamayim & Kabalas Ol Mitzvos (respectively).

(c)He continues from "Aser Te'aser" in Parshas Re'ei, followed by the Parshiyos of Viduy Ma'asros in Ki Savo - because it is the season of the ingathering of the fruit, which obligates Matnos Aniyim and the separation of T'rumos and Ma'asros.

(d)He finally Leins - Parshas ha"Melech in Parshas Shoftim.

(e)He does not Lein it in its place after "Aser Te'aser" - in order not to break between the Parshah of "Aser Te'aser" and that of Viduy Ma'asros.

24)

(a)He concludes with - the same eight B'rachos (See Tos. Yom-Tov) as the Kohen Gadol (as we learned in Mishnah 7) ...

(b)... only instead of ending with Mechilas Avon, he concludes with the B'rachah of Regalim ('Atah Bechartanu ...', which ends 'Mekadesh Yisrael ve'ha'Zenmanim').