1)

What is the meaning of "be'Yad Ramah"?

1.

Rashi and Targum Yonasan: It means 'on purpose', literally 'highhandedly' (and he did not do Teshuvah - Targum Yonasan).

2.

Sanhedrin, 99b: It means someone who presents his own (unfounded) interpretations of the Torah - like Menasheh ha'Melech. 1


1

Sanhedrin, Ibid.: About whom the Navi writes in Yeshayah, 5:18 "Hoy Moshchei Avon be'Havlei Shav'. Refer also to 15:31:1:5.

2)

What is the meaning of "es Hashem Hu Megadef'"?

1.

Rashi: It means that he blasphemes 1 Hashem, 2 and the Gemara in Kerisos 7b learns that someone who blasphemes Hashem is Chayav Kareis.

2.

Rashbam: It means that he worships Avodah-Zarah.

3.

Targum Yonasan: It means that he angers Hashem.


1

Rashi: As in Yechezkel, 5:15 and in Yeshayah. See Torah Temimah, citing Kerisos, 7b, and note 83, who discusses the various opinions at length.

2

Refer to 15:32:1:1.

3)

What are the implications of "Es Hashem hu Megadef"?

1.

Seforno: It implies that, on account of the Chilul Hashem, even Teshuvah - out of fear of the punishment - will not atone for him until he dies. 1


1

Seforno: Which explains why the Teshuvah following the episode of the spies was not accepted, as the Torah writes in Devarim, 1:45.

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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