1)

Why does it mention "[Oshek] Rash"?

1.

Ibn Ezra: One must help the poor, and he is oppressed! Metzudas Tziyon - Oshek is theft.

2)

What is "Gezel Mishpat va'Tzedek"?

1.

Rav Sadya Gaon: They steal from a person what is his.

2.

Rashi #1: They steal Mishpat 1 and Tzedek. Gezel is Samuch to Mishpat, therefore there is a Segol 2 under the Gimel, and not a Kamatz 3 [Rashbam - and the accent is on the penultimate syllable, and not on the last syllable].

3.

Rashi #2: If you see oppression of the poor and theft of Mishpat, yet Tzedek comes to the city (they have good, and Hashem does not punish them).


1

Rashbam: They make his verdict crooked, so he will lose his money,

2

In our texts there is a Tzeirei.

3

Ibn Ezra, Rashbam: When it is not Samuch, there is a Kamatz, e.g. "Oh b'Gazel" (Vayikra 5:21). Also Gader has a Segol when it is Samuch ("v'Geder Avanav Neherasah" - Mishlei 24:31) and Kamatz when it is not ("Gader mi'Zeh" - Bamidbar 22:24).

3)

Why does it say "va'Medinah"?

1.

Ibn Ezra: It is in front of everyone's eyes. It is not in the Midbar.

4)

Why does it say "Al Tismah"?

1.

Ibn Ezra: Since you see extortion, and no one saves, do not think that no one guards (oversees) your speech.

2.

Seforno: Do not sin, to have thoughts against Hashem's Midos, or to think like the sinners, that Hashem is pleased with evildoers.

5)

What is "Al ha'Chefetz"?

1.

Rav Sadya Gaon: Oppression and theft.

2.

Rashi #1: It is Hashem's desire [to bring evil upon them].

3.

Rashi #2: It is Hashem's desire [to delay punishing them].

4.

Ibn Ezra: It is Hashem's desire [not to save].

5.

Rashbam: It is people's desire to do these [evil] matters.

6.

Ri Kara: Hashem bears this.

7.

Seforno: Hashem desires to sustain the Medinah, and not eradicate it.

6)

What is the significance of "[Gavo'ah me'Al Gavo'ah] Shomer"?

1.

Rav Sadya Gaon: He oversees and looks at.

2.

Rashi #1: The One who is elevated over elevated, He sees the deeds.

3.

Rashi #2: He waits until their measure [of sin] is full. Shomer is like "Lo Sishmor Al Chatasi" (Iyov 14:16), "Shomer Emunim" (Yeshayah 26:2), "Shamar Es ha'Davar" (Bereishis 37:11).

4.

Ibn Ezra: There are many Shomerim, one above the other; their levels are not equal. There are 55; I cannot explain this.

5.

Rashbam: Over this one who oppressed an Oni and made his verdict crooked, there is someone else who will steal his (the extortionist's) money. The higher waits [for the ideal time] to steal from the lower.

6.

Ri Kara: Hashem, who is above all the high, waits for them to repent.

7.

Seforno: Hashem, who is above all the high, waits for a better Tikun for them [than eradicating them].

7)

Why does it say "u'Gevohim Aleihem"?

1.

Rashi #1: Sheluchim of Hashem (angels) have the upper hand.

2.

Rashi #2: He has upper beings to exact payment from them when the time for their punishment comes [Ri Kara - if they do not repent].

3.

Rashbam: Over these [who steal from the extortionists and made their verdict crooked], there are others who will do so to them. This is like a Midrash on "Hodi'eni Na Es Derachecha" (Shemos 33:13).

4.

Seforno: He has higher matters more important to Him than [abolishing] the injustice. He would not attain them if he punished them in this world. One such matter is Tzadikim of the generations, who resemble their Creator more than anyone else.

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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